Preparation of mixed colloids of humic acids with biopolymers

Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na možnost využití nových aplikačně výhodných forem směsných koloidů chitosanu a huminových kyselin. V experimentální části byly na základě literární rešerše navrženy a optimalizovány vhodné postupy přípravy hydrogelových a xerogelových směsných forem těchto polymerních materiálů. Při jejich charakterizaci byla hlavní pozornost věnována stanovení obsahu vody a botnacích charakteristik a také jejich mechanickým vlastnostem. Vývoj materiálu byl směřován k průmyslovému nebo zemědělskému využití jeho sorpčních schopností, případně schopnosti imobilizace polutantů v zemědělství a ochraně životního prostředí. Další výhodu představuje možnost řízeného uvolňování HK, využitelná převážně v agrochemii.This bachelor’s thesis discusses an applicability of innovative colloidal forms of humic acids, prepared by a complexation with biopolymer chitosan. In experimental part, suitable procedures have been proposed and optimized for the preparation of hydrogels and xerogels made of these abundant polymeric substrates. In characterization of resulting materials, major attention was paid to the determination of the water content and the swelling ability. Besides, mechanical properties were studied as well. The development of a desired material aims at an industrial or agricultural utilization of sorption abilities and a tendency to immobilize various pollutants in the environment. Another advantage is represented by the ability to control the release of humic substances from the gel to environments.

Hydrogels made of biopolymers for agricultural and environmental applications

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na vývoj a charakterizaci aplikačních hydrogelových materiálů určených k zemědělskému využití. V experimentální části byly na základě literární rešerše navrženy a optimalizovány různé způsoby přípravy těchto materiálů. Při jejich charakterizaci byla hlavní pozornost věnována kinetikám botnání, rozpustnosti, uvolňování dusičnanů a huminových sloučenin. Dalším z důležitých měření byla termogravimetrická analýza připravených materiálů, jež poskytla informace o obsahu a formě poutání vody v materiálu. Vývoj materiálu byl směřován zejména k zemědělskému využití pro dodávání živin do půdy a regulaci vody v půdě.This diploma thesis is focused on development and characterization of hydrogel materials for agricultural use. In the experimental section, different methods of preparing these materials were designed and optimized according to previous literature review. In the characterization of resulting materials, the main attention was paid to the kinetics of swelling, to the solubility, the leaching of nitrate and of humic compounds. Thermogravimetric analysis represented another important characterization technique, which provided information about the content and form of water bound in the material. The development of the material aimed mainly at an agricultural application providing the delivery of nutrients to soil and regulation of water content in soil.

Návrh otvírky, přípravy a dobývání 38.a sloje v 6. kře závodu 1, Důl 1. máj v Karviné

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The purport and function of a regional drama theatre

The thesis focuses on searching the purport and function of the Czech regional drama theatres, that means public institutions of the scenic art, which are usually controlled by towns or districts out of three main cultural centres of the Czech Republic (Prague, Brno, Ostrava). We also define this term through four phenomena, which always must be in existence with every regional theatre: 1.)permanent building; 2.)public service for region; 3.)dramatic repertoary; 4.)professional actor´s ensemble. We regard the history of the theatre with these four phenomena and we also disclose the principles of scenicity, that next to its purely artistic functions has to hold no less important social, public and widely cultural functions, which means non-artistic functions. By means of analysis of theatre genesis as a public institution, we look for not only the position of regional theatres not the present, but first of all we try to find a creative way to work artistically there. The stage manager has to look for the most convenient style of the staging flowing from the dramatic text, not from his/her own ego. His/her poetics are in creative way determined by non-artistic circumstances and the stage manager according to the spirit of Max Reinhardt has to find the most suitable character system to transform one original dramatic text to one original scenic form to have to look for the specific poetics for the new dramatic text again. This eclectic access (also concerning dramaturgy) given by the monopoly position of the theatre and the structure of the audience, could seem as disintegrated if the actor´s ensemble does not integrate it markedly. Performing arts being based on a dramatic text is the most important part of regional theatres although their existence depends on many other things. This thesis reaches the statement that regional theatres in the public sphere are indispensable. Videlicet, they continue the deepest European traditions of the drama theatre and the theatre as a socially-educational function(Bildungstheater)

HISTORICIZATION AND ACTUALISATION AS TWO OPPOSITE APPROACHES TO PRODUCTION OF CLASSICAL DRAMATIZATION IN CONTEMPORARY THEATRE

This thesis is focused on the term great classic theatre (or high drama). It is understood as a spoken theatre based on a very aestheticizing dramatic text (poetic drama) that deal with the deeper problems, values and men´s world opinion. The theatre is approached as a social, moral and educational platform. The thesis tries to name the phenomenon of great drama and it also tries to research the possibilities how to stage the dramatic text of the great drama in modern theatre. There are two different conventions - convention of scening at the time of text origin and convention of scening in contemporary theatre. In other words every production must be also an adaptation. It always tries to improve contents of dramatic text. There are two ways how to adept classical text of high drama. If we strengthen the mythological value of drama, we adept text by historical principle. On the other hand if we transfer text to the modern social situation, we continue the adaptation by the actualizational principle. The first part of this thesis tries to describe these facts. The second part applies these facts on concrete practical example of staging of the Czech dramatic text of the high drama. Characterization of adaptation of Hippodamie, written by Jaroslav Vrchlicky, demonstrates that even though we approach the scening of dramatic text of high drama from the historicizational point of view and thus from the point of view of eternity, in some way we touch present problems at the same time. Historicization and actualisation present as two sides of one coin

Human activities shape global patterns of decomposition rates in rivers

Rivers and streams contribute to global carbon cycling by decomposing immense quantities of terrestrial plant matter. However, decomposition rates are highly variable and large-scale patterns and drivers of this process remain poorly understood. Using a cellulose-based assay to reflect the primary constituent of plant detritus, we generated a predictive model (81% variance explained) for cellulose decomposition rates across 514 globally distributed streams. A large number of variables were important for predicting decomposition, highlighting the complexity of this process at the global scale. Predicted cellulose decomposition rates, when combined with genus-level litter quality attributes, explain published leaf litter decomposition rates with high accuracy (70% variance explained). Our global map provides estimates of rates across vast understudied areas of Earth and reveals rapid decomposition across continental-scale areas dominated by human activities

Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Abstract River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale