18 research outputs found
Attitudes To The Prevention Of Hiv Infection Of Persons, Exercising Maritime Professions
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π²ΡΠ·Π΅Π» ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π½Π° ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° HIV, Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ-ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ»Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ Π½Π°Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° HIV ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: Π§ΡΠ΅Π· Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π° Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½ΠΈ 100 Π»ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ SPSS v. 20.0, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅: Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°Ρ Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π·Π° HIV ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π₯ΠΠ/Π‘ΠΠΠ.ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΠ·ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ Π»ΠΈΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° HIV/Π‘ΠΠΠ. Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΈ (ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ) ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ° Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ.Introduction: Ports are transport hubs like many of the road centers that have long been part of HIV prevention programs but with an even more complex mix of nationalities and service providers. In the case of persons practicing maritime professions, the nature of their work and long periods of absence from home determine their behavior as risky.Aim: The aim of this study is to explore attitudes to preventing HIV infection among seafarers.Materials and Methods: Anonymous questionnaire surveyed 100 people practicing a seafaring profession. The results were statistically processed with SPSS v. 20.0 using variation and comparison analysis.Results and Discussion: The results of the conducted analyses showed that seafaring professionals continue not to recognize their high-risk behavior, supporting prophylactic examinations of HIV infection, but not their mandatory nature. However, they confirmed the need to conduct training on safe sexual behavior and information on the spread and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Faced with the lack of an effective vaccine, education and training play a key role in the prevention of HIV/AIDS. The social partners (seafarers, employers, local community, government) are uniquely positioned to promote prevention efforts through information, education and behavioral support
Contemporary aspects of the epidemiological surveillance of socially significant tick-borne infections (TBIS) in Varna region
The modern system for epidemiological surveillance of tick-borne infections (TBIs) in the Varna region requires a systematic analysis of the epidemic process.Aim: The aim of this article is to trace the evolution in parameters of the parasitic system in LymeΒ Borreliosis, Boutonneuse fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Q-fever in the Varna region for the period 2001-2017 and the activities of the epidemiological surveillance system.Materials and Methods: Data from active epidemiological studies and analyses of TBIs in the region of Varna and Bulgaria for the period 2001-2017 were used; as well as epidemiological and entomological methods, statistical and graphic analyses, nosogeographic analyses and others.Results: Data from the epidemiological analysis determined the continuing health and social significance of registered TBIs in the Varna region during the considered period. High levels of morbidity in Lyme disease (LD) and Boutonneuse fever (BF) with characteristic summer seasonality, correlated with the activity of vectors - reservoirs (Ixodes ticks), have been established. The system of epidemiological surveillance includes events for effective dispensary monitoring of the bitten by a tick; collecting complete epidemiological information about the area where the bite has occurred; preparation of epidemiological analysis of the morbidity of transmissible infections on the territory of the Varna region with emphasis on Lyme borreliosis, Boutonneuse fever, Q fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), surveillance over the species composition and territorial distribution of tick populations and expanding the tick control activities in the region. There is a timely diagnosis and treatment of the registered patients. It is necessary to expand and deepen the system of epidemiological surveillance with the proposed strategy for surveillance and control of socially significant TBIs in the Black Sea region of the Republic of Bulgaria
The Knowledge Of Medical Professionals On The Prevention Of Hiv/Aids Infection In Conditions Of Occupational Risk
Π ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΈΠΆΠ° Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° Π²Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π₯ΠΠ/Π‘ΠΠΠ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π§ΡΠ΅Π· Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π° Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½ΠΈ 230 ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π°ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ SPSS v. 20.0, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅: Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΈ Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π±ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 1/3 ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π° Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ.ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: Π’Π΅Π·ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π₯ΠΠ/Π‘ΠΠΠ.Introduction: The risk of professionally acquired infections is an inevitable part of the day-to-day care for patients. Professionally acquired infections cause significant illnesses among health workers.Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the medical professionals' knowledge of taking adequate decisions for HIV/AIDS prevention after risk exposure.Materials and Methods: Anonymous questionnaire surveyed 230 physicians with different professional engagement. The results were statistically processed with SPSS v. 20.0, using risk analysis, variance and comparative analysis.Results and Discussion: The results of our study show that medical professionals are not familiar with the regulations on the risks of occupational exposure. Although more than one third of the surveyed have had risk exposure, with the risk increasing with the increase of work experience, nearly half are unaware of the reporting rules in the event of an accident.Conclusion: These results show the need to organize and conduct adequate training of both practitioners and trainees to prevent the risk and limit blood-borne infections, including HIV/AIDS
CONTAMINATION WITH TOXOCARA SPP. EGGS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES OF PUBLIC PLACES OF VARNA CITY, BULGARIA
Toxocariasis in humans is an unknown and underdiagnosed disease with increased risk of distribution determined by the large canine and cat populations. Contamination of the environment with pets faeces containing helminth eggs is the key route of transmission toxocariasis, threatening especially the youngest children.
The purpose of this study is preliminary research of the degree of pollution of the environment with Toxocara spp. eggs by examining soil and sand samples from different public places of Varna, Bulgaria.
Material and methods: In 2018, 40 soil and sand samples were collected from various locations of Varna city: public park areas, areas for dog-walking, playgrounds, sandboxes and yards with domestic animals. The samples were processed using a modified RomanΠ΅nkoβs method.
Results: Soil analysis showed Toxocara spp. eggs in one sample from a public park area in the central region of Varna. In another soil sample of a private yard with domestic dog typical ova of the Taeniidae family was observed (possibly of E. granulosus). In two other samples, eggs from other canine parasites were discovered.
Conclusion: The first research on the environmental contamination with helminthic eggs in Northeastern Bulgaria showed Toxocara spp. eggs in one of the central and most populated areas of Varna city. Furthermore, at least 10% of the tested materials were contaminated with canine excrements that testify for the lack of proper control of domestic and stray animals, which represents a real and imminent danger from zoonotic infection for the public health in the region
ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ―Π’Π Π‘Π ΠΠ©Π£ Π§ΠΠΠΠ¨ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ Π£Π‘ ΠΠͺΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ 2015-2022Π.
Π§ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ (HPV) Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΌ Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π° Π΄Π°ΡΠ°,Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π± ΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ HPV Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. Π ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΡΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΡΠ»Π½ΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π·Π° ΠΏΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΉΠΊΠ°.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ° Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ
Π²Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ HPV ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2015-2022 Π³.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· (2015Π³.-2022Π³.) Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Π½Π° Π ΠΠ-ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ»Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π· 2015Π³. ΡΠ° Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ 667 ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ 12-13 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2016Π³.- 2019Π³. ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΎΠ±Ρ
Π²Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ HPV ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉ-ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2018Π³. - 275. ΠΡΠ΅Π· 2020Π³. ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ - 424, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2022 Π³. Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΉ-Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ HPV Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ - 170 ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Π²Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ
Π²Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π°. Π―Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉ-Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΉΠΊΠ°
Immunoprophylaxis of measles in Dobrich region as a result of good organization of health care for full coverage of the groups subject to control
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ» ΠΈ Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ. Π ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π·Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠΆΠΈ. Π Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π² ΠΡΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»: ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² Π . ΠΡΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2005-2015 Π³. ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2009-2011 Π³. ΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ: ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΡ Π½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ Π·Π° 2005-2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½Π° Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2009-2011. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ: ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π° Π½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΈ, Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠ, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠ°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΈΒ» ΠΏΡΠΈ Π ΠΠ-ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2005-2015 Π³., Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΌ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠ°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΈΒ» ΠΏΡΠΈ Π ΠΠ-ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2005-2015 Π³. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: Π ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Π° Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π° Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° β Π½Π° 13 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π° 12 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ±ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΡΠ»Π½ΠΎ Π² Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2005-2015 Π³. ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ 12 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2009 Π³. Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ 614 Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π»ΠΈ (304.72%ΠΎΠΎΠΎ) ΠΈ 163 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ (80.89%ΠΎΠΎΠΎ) Π·Π° 2010 Π³., ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ° Π·Π° 2009 Π³. Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΡΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π΅ Π² Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 0.01%ΠΎΠΎΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ 292.92%ΠΎΠΎΠΎ. ΠΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈ 2009 Π³. Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉ 2010 Π³. (ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ) Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ 777 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ 383.15%ΠΎΠΎΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ 6 Π΄Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 42 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: 1. ΠΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2005-2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π·Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎ, 2009-2011 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ. 2. ΠΠ°ΠΉ-Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ 1 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ. 3. ΠΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π²Π° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅-ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ² Π²ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ»Π½ΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ». ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡ
Ρ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½. ΠΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡΠ±Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π» Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ.Introduction: Currently, health practice has monovalent and combined live viral vaccines that have the potential to achieve highly effective control and measles elimination. The risk factors for disease acquisition for susceptible persons are complex and varied, ranging from personal knowledge of the vaccine to access to health care. At the beginning of the 21st century, measles again gained epidemic dimension both on the European continent and in Bulgaria. Aim: The aim of this paper is to investigate the peculiarities of the epidemic process in measles in the conditions of obligatory immunoprophylaxis in the Republic of Bulgaria and the Dobrich region for the period 2005-2015 as well as the reasons for its epidemic spread in 2009-2011.The objective is to investigate types of measles vaccines, the scope of the specific immunoprophylaxis with measles vaccine in the Dobrich region for the period 2005-2015 compared to the coun try and the immune status of the patients during the 2009-2011 epidemic. Materials and Methods: We have used data from the National System for Surveillance of Contagious Diseases, annual reports of the Ministry of Health, data from the Directorate of Surveillance of Communicable Diseases at RHI-Dobrich for the period 2005- 2015. Data from annual reports on immunizations submitted to the Directorate of Surveillance of Communicable Diseases at RHI-Dobrich for the period 2005-2015. For the analysis of the data we used an ep-idemiological method, documentary method, statistical method and comparative analysis Results: The country population is vaccinated with a combination of trivalent attenuated live vaccine for measles, mumps, rubella following a 13-month immunization regimen and 12 years of reimmunization, subcutaneously or intramuscularly in the deltoid area of the arm. For the period 2005-2015 and after 12 years without measles cases in 2009, in the region of Dobrich, 614 patients (304.72%ΠΎΠΎΠΎ) and 163 cases (80.89% ΠΎΠΎΠΎ) for 2010 were registered, with the morbidity for 2009 significantly exceeding the country average. For the same period, measles morbidity in Bulgaria was in the range of 0.01% to 292.92%ooo. Since June 2009 until May 2010 (last case) in the Dobrich region, there were 777 cases of measles-infected with a morbidity of 383.15% from 6 days old to 42 years of age. Conclusions: Immunoprophylaxis as a state policy in the Dobrich region contributes to limiting measles diseases for the period 2005-2015, confirming the opinion on the accumulation of a susceptible population in time, 2009-2011, and the occurrence of an epidemic. The most affected are children under one year of age, those in early childhood and school age. There is a need to maintain high vaccine coverage, both at national and regional level, and to increase the immunity of all communities to achieve measles elimination. Measles is a disease that will continue to excite scientific thought in the future. Control of epidemics is difficult. Applying an appropriate strategy would help combat measles to realize the ultimate goal of eliminating and eradicating the disease
Manage epidemiological risk for HIV infection in the maritime transport and shipments
AIDS is a disease which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus - HIV. Today HIV / AIDS is a global health, social and economic problem and a cause of high mortality. There are three main ways of HIV transmission: sexual transmission; blood and vertical. Lead is sexually transmitted - 87 percent in various forms of sexual intercourse without a condom. In particular, the use of services of prostitutes and nonuse of condom. Traveling abroad (mobile population) as economic migrants, on the occasion of trips, work, business trip, vacation is a vulnerable group for HIV / AIDS. Analyzing the spread of HIV / AIDS in the world and the country - 45% of new HIV infections occur in African Americans, 35% of whites and 17% for Hispanics. (10) our geographical location, the development of tourism, our status as a port city and describing the epidemiological risk for HIV among sailors and travelers have the need to study the epidemiology of HIV / AIDS in terms of shipping and transportation
Dangerous medical practices related to exposure tΠΎ blood and body liquids in medical staff at risk
Introduction: Health services create conditions for occupational risks related to the health and safety of health workers. The management of safe and healthy working conditions in healthcare is the basis of public healthcare.Aim: The aim of the study is to study and analyze the dangerous medical practices related to the exposure of blood and body fluids in high-risk medical staffβmedical laboratory technicians in medical diagnostic laboratories in Varna.Results: The results of the surveys among 107 people, including 5 managers of clinical laboratories, 49 laboratory technicians, and 53 clients/patients, confirm the working hypotheses.Failure to follow the rules of safe technique at work creates conditions for exposure to bloodborne infections. The most common reasons lie in the capping of used needles, non-use of gloves, or improper disposal of a sharp object in inappropriate containers. The immune status of medical laboratory technicians is not checked regularly, and non-immunized persons also work. The results of the surveyed clients reveal insufficient awareness of the risk exposures and the spread of bloodborne infections. It is worrying that 23% of them assume that doctors are fully responsible for the prevention of blood-borne virus infections.Conclusion: Bloodborne infections pose a significant risk to both society and healthcare professionals, but they can be prevented by measures aimed at minimizing the risk of infections: prevention of high-risk practices, compliance with universal precautions, the introduction of low-risk instruments and devices, and hepatitis B vaccination
Border health control in ports of the republic of Bulgaria and programmes for the management of infectious risk
According to the International Health Regulations as a risk for the public health are determined infectious diseases, radiation and chemical pollution. Urbanization and technological progress are a prerequisite for increasing the importance of these risks. The border crossing is facilitated, the area of spread of some infectious diseases expanded, they emerged new ones. We are witnesses of intensive migration of large groups of people without information about their health status. The system of medical control has as a basic order not to hinder the transport of goods and cargo, not to hinder people in their professional and personal trips. There remains the need to control the medical and health risk. Underway are several international projects and programs in this area. Inspectors carrying out border health control at the port of Varna actively participate in these activities. The trainings have aim to exchange experience, best practices and research for objectification of control. It must be optimization of administrative procedures, unification of issued international documents, a providing of ongoing training for border medical services, manning companies and ships` crews.Materials and methods: We used official documents of the WHO and the Republic of Bulgaria, working materials of international programs, official statistics RHI Varna for 2013 and 2014.Results and discussion: The border health control is essential for communicable disease surveillance - the preventing of import and spread of quarantine and especially dangerous infections, timely assessment and response to health risks for public health. It is done in accordance with the International Health Regulations (2005), Regulations on border crossings and border health control. Electronic systems are introduced for exchanging information, which requires good professional training of border medical services. The responsibility of seafarers increases because completing and bringing specific information into the electronic system. The importance of experience and communication between crews and medical services in order preparedness for rapid reaction grows. Realized are various education and training projects, optimized are health documents and protocols. It is necessary a development of target programs on particular problems of border health control to maintain the preparedness of seafarers and institutions for timely identification of health risks and adequate response
Sea epidemiology in teaching maritime medicine - prevention of infectious diseases, being subject to international health regulation and controlled by WHO
Naval Medicine is a scientific and practical direction with a complex interdisciplinary character and is a state policy in countries like Spain, Britain, Poland and the USA. Naval Medicine is defined as a system of scientific knowledge and practical activities, whose purpose is to protect and to gain in health of seafarers, life extension, prevent and treat diseases in humans. Sea epidemiology is a very important part of the medical disciplines. It is formed as a separate direction of epidemiology and as a section of maritime medicine in the 70s-90s of the twentieth century. During a trip the parasitic system, which interacts with the crew of the ships, operates completely differently than in conditions of residence on land, which requires specific approaches for the organization of prevention of infectious diseases during the journey and on land. The control of diseases, which are subject to the international health regulation, is an essential aspect of the marine epidemiology. In the directions for work on the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) in 2007 is said, that we should be ready for response in infectious diseases, which may arise as a result of sudden and rapid environmental and climatic changes as a result of industrial pollution and accidents that can put at risk millions of people in many countries and that is why they require measures of worldwide importance to be taken. The measures to protect public health are a significant section in the travel and the transport. ΓΒ’he management of infections by means of vaccine agents takes an important place in the system of actions. It finds systemic application in terms of maritime epidemiology as a tool for managing the infectious risk according to the number of vaccination avertible infections. Maritime training epidemiology should include the main sections of the general and private epidemiology in a constantly changing ecological and social environment of sea travel and transport