Rationalization of Electricity Consumption in Househ Olds

With rationalization of electricity consumption, it is possible to obtain savings of electric energy in households, as well as financing and capital input for the electricity production. Rational use of appliances in the best operating modes can reduce the final consumption of electricity, representing a positive impact on improving the environment quality. The main objective of this paper was to measure the electricity consumption of appliances in various operating modes. The measured values from two energy suppliers were recorded and processed in tables and figures, from which we created a table of the financial costs necessary for operation of appliances in different modes. For the calculation of annual electricity consumption and electricity prices, an application allowing selection of individual products from suppliers with current electricity prices was designed. According to the tables of electricity prices, various modes of appliance operation allow the selection of the most preferred mode for appliance operation based on the lowest price, rational consumption and energy costs. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the consumption and costs of operating appliances in certain operating modes, standby modes and their efficient use or functionally similar appliances for reduction of electricity consumption in households

Selected Method of Image Analysis Used in Quality Control of Manufactured Components

The paper deals with the quality measurement process using the KEYENCE® industrial monochromatic camera and its calibration to determine the dimensions of the component under quality control process. The threshold value determines the shape of the component and the histogram method determines the number of pixels of the selected analyzed area. After calibrating the camera with a scale and changing the camera's distance to the object, a general equation was obtained from the measured points. Using this equation, it is possible to determine the size of the measured object from pixels. The average relative error of the object’s dimensions was: length - 1.94 % and the width of 100 components was: 1.31 %. In quality control, monochrome cameras can be used to measure product dimensions, along with image processing principles and with other measure methods

A New Method of Predicting the Structural and Mechanical Change of Materials during Extrusion by the Method of Multiple Plastic Deformations

The formulation of the Hall–Petch relationship in the early 1950s has raised immense interest in studying the influence of the grain size of solid materials on their properties. Grain refinement can be achieved through extreme deformation. In the presented study, Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) was successfully applied to produce an ultrafine-grained microstructure in a pure commercial Cu of 99.9 wt%. Samples were processed by ECAP at 21 °C for six passes via route A. A new equation of equilibrium that allows the exact determination of the number of extrusions and other technological parameters required to achieve the desired final grain size has been developed. The presented research also deals, in a relatively detailed and comparative way, with the use of ultrasound. In this context, a very close correlation between the process functions of extrusion and the speed of longitudinal ultrasonic waves was confirmed