Physiological Assessments in Seedlings of Coffea Conephora Inoculated With Growth Promoting Fungi

Brazil is one of the main countries in the agricultural sector, which plays an important role in economic performance. In particular, it is one of the largest coffee producers in the world. The state of Espírito Santo is a reference in the production and development of conilon coffee, accounting for about 70% of the national output. The cultivation of this coffee type is one of the main sources of income of farmers in Espírito Santo. Based on the importance of new technologies, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of fungi of the species T. harzianum (CEPA T22) and T. harzianum CEPA ESALQ (1306) and a mix of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the physiology of conilon coffee seedlings. The treatments were evaluated in a randomized block design in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, with factor A being the use of autoclaved and non-autoclaved substrate and factor B the the addition or not of different fungal isolates. The seedlings were arranged in the nursery with automatic sprinkler irrigation for 120 days. At the end of the experiment, eight treatments were evaluated, with 20 replications, totaling 160 plots and 640 plants. The variables Nitrogen Balance (NBI-G and NBI-R), Total Chlorophyll (SFR-G and SFRR), Anthocyanin (ANT-RG and ANT-RB) and Flavonoids (FLAV) were determined with the use of a Multiplex® fluorometer, while chlorophyll content was measured with a SPAD-502 meter. The collected data were submitted to analysis of variance and then the Scott-Knott clustering test and Dunnett’s mean test, both at 5% probability. For the variables evaluated (SFR-G and SFR-R), Flavonoids (FLAV), Anthocyanin (ANTH-RG and ANTH-RB), and Nitrogen Balance (NBI-G and NBI-R), no significant differences were found according to the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. In relation to the evaluations performed with the SPAD-502 meter, T8 presented the lowest mean in relation to the other treatments and differed statistically from T1 according to Dunnett's test at 5% probability. We concluded that among the physiological evaluations performed with multiplex, no significant differences were found between treatments. However, the treatment containing autoclaved substrate + Mix of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (T8) presented better results of the SPAD-502 index

Prevalência de obstrução numa população exposta ao fumo do tabaco â Projecto PNEUMOBIL

Resumo: A espirometria não atingiu ainda a divulgação que se justificaria em patologia respiratória, ou indivíduos que se encontram em risco relativamente a esta patologia, cujo diagnóstico é insuficiente, havendo um escasso conhecimento, e consequente controlo, dos custos atribuíveis a estas doenças, com destaque para a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC).O PNEUMOBIL, iniciativa que visa esta divulgação entre fumadores e ex-fumadores, foi reactivado, após 10 anos de aplicação em Portugal, revelando agora, numa amostra de 5324 indivíduos, em que cerca de 50% ainda mantêm os hábitos tabágicos, sejam do sexo masculino ou feminino, que houve uma elevada prevalência de obstrução detectada por espirometria (30% e 25%, respecti-vamente) nas pessoas rastreadas perto de centros de saúde (grupo público) e em empresas (grupo privado). Este risco não se explica em regra por exposição ocu-pacional, nem se relaciona com a maioria dos sintomas respiratórios, muito frequentes nos rastreados. Apenas a dispneia (OR=1,28; p=0,02) e os episódios frequentes de expectoração (OR=1,21; p=0,008) ou de bronquite aguda (OR=1,31; p=0,05) revelam al-guma relação com a obstrução. O reconhecimento prévio da DPOC é muito reduzi-do e a presença de obstrução não se correlaciona (p=0,204) com o assumir da condição de portador.Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (5): 803-846 Abstract: The use of spirometry is not yet widespread enough in chronic respiratory or at-risk patients whose diagnosis is incomplete. There is scarce knowledge and inadequate management of the burden of these diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Pneumobil, an initiative aimed at raising awareness among smokers and ex-smokers, was reactivated 10 years after its launch in Portugal. It found a large prevalence of bronchial obstruction as measured by spirometry (30% and 25% in men and women respectively) in a sample of 5324 smoke-exposed individuals, 50% current smokers, screened at state or business (private company group) health institutions. This risk is neither mainly attributable to occupational exposure nor mainly related to respiratory symptoms, which were very common in our population. Only dyspnoea (OR=1.28; p=0.02) and frequent episodes of sputum production (OR=1.21; p=0.008) or acute bronchitis (OR=1.31; p=0.05) were somewhat related to bronchial obstruction. Prior knowledge of COPD is rare and bronchial obstruction is not correlated (p=0.204) to a possible diagnosis of COPD.Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (5): 803-846 Palavras-chave: Fumo do tabaco, obstrução brôn-quica, DPOC, PNEUMOBIL, Key-words: Tobacco smoke, bronchial obstruction, COPD, PNEUMOBI

Morpho-Agronomic Evaluation of Regrowth of Silage Sorghum Genotypes For Recommendation in the Southern Capixaba Region

Silage sorghum has proved to be a formidable alternative for use as animal feed since the Brazilian production of grains and silage depends almost exclusively on rainfall in the growing regions. This crop shows potential for cultivation in adverse climate and soil conditions, thus being able to reduce the impact of this factor on the supply of animal feed in times of drought. For Brazil agriculture and livestock breeding, it is strategically important to have an area occupied with sorghum, since it facilitates obtaining raw material for silage production and generates yet another source of income to sustain family farmers, because the crop does not have high water demand and is easy to handle. The objective of this work was to evaluate 25 sorghum genotypes to recommend cultivars adapted to the soil and climate conditions of the Caparaó Capixaba region. The different genetic materials from the Embrapa sorghum breeding program were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. The plots were divided into two rows five meters long and 0.70 meters apart. The experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions. The following morpho-agronomic and production traits were evaluated: days to flowering, number of days elapsed from planting to the point where 50% of the plants in the plot are flowering; initial stand (number of plants per usable area of the plot); plant height; number of sick plants; total plant weight; stem weight, leaf weight, and panicle weight. For the selection of genotypes, analysis of variance and the F test were performed at 5% probability. Subsequently, the Scott-Knott test of the means was used at 5% probability. Considering the importance of the interaction of the genotype with the environment, this work proved to be relevant, because for all the morpho-agronomic and production traits of silage sorghum, there was a significant difference, indicating that each genotype behaved differently in the region studied. These results showed that the cultivation of forage sorghum under the soil and climate conditions in the Caparaó Capixaba region is possible and indicated that the genotypes T5, T6, T7, T9, T11, T17, T18, T19, T20, and T21 stood out due to their high production, earlier flowering, and reduced number of sick plants