Análise fitoquímica e atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante das folhas de Henriettea succosa (Aubl.) DC

Henriettea succosa is a tree species consumed in abundance by birds, however, there is no report on its phytochemical profile and biological activity. This study performed the phytochemical screening and the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of H. succosa leaves. The hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (AcOEt) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of the leaves were evaluated for chemical composition by Thin Layer Chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis; the antimicrobial activity was determined by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Microbicide Concentration (MMC); antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, determination of the reducing power and the phosphomolybdenum complex reduction assay. The photoprotor action of the extracts was also evaluated. The results showed a higher content of phenolic compounds (444.08 ± 0.020 mg EAG/g) and tannins (414.37 ± 0.16 mg EAG/g) in the MeOH extract, which was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia marcescens, with MIC of 1 mg/ ml and CMM of 2 mg/ml. The MIC and MMC of AcOEt for Micrococcus luteus was 1 mg/mL, this was also considered the minimum concentration necessary for the Hex extract to act on the S. aureus strain. The MeOH extract showed greater antioxidant activity by the DPPH (79.09%) and reducing power (327.2 ± 0.00 mg EAA/g) methods, while the AcOEt extract showed greater activity by the phosphomolybdenum method (40.5%). However, none of the extracts showed a photoprotective effect against UV radiation. In summary, this study revealed that the leaves of H. succosa have secondary metabolites with bactericidal potential, in addition to antioxidant action.Henriettea succosa é uma espécie arbórea consumida em abundância por pássaros, no entanto, não há relatos sobre seu perfil fitoquímico e atividade biológica. Este estudo realizou a triagem fitoquímica e analisou o potencial antimicrobiano e antioxidante das folhas de H. succosa. Os extratos hexano (Hex), acetato de etila (AcOEt) e metanólico (MeOH) foram avaliados quanto a composição química por Cromatografia em Camada Delgada e análise espectrofotométrica; a atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pela Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Mínima Microbicida (CMM); a atividade antioxidante foi determinada usando-se os ensaios de sequestro do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), de determinação do poder redutor e de redução do complexo fosfomolibdênio. Foi avaliada também a ação fotoprotetora dos extratos. Os resultados mostraram maior teor de compostos fenólicos (444,08 ± 0,020 mg EAG/g) e taninos (414,37 ± 0,16 mg EAG/g) no extrato MeOH, sendo este eficaz contra Staphylococcus aureus e Serratia marcescens, com CIM de 1 mg/mL e CMM de 2 mg/mL. O CIM e CMM do AcOEt para Micrococcus luteus foi 1 mg/mL, essa também foi considerada a concentração mínima necessária para o extrato Hex agir sobre a cepa de S. aureus. O extrato MeOH apresentou maior atividade antioxidante pelos métodos de DPPH (79,09%) e poder redutor (327,2 ± 0,00 mg EAA/g), enquanto o extrato AcOEt apresentou maior atividade por meio do método fosfomolibdênio (40,5%). No entanto, nenhum dos extratos apresentaram efeito fotoprotetor contra radiação UV.  Em suma, este estudo revelou que as folhas de H. succosa possuem metabólitos secundários com potencial bactericida, além de ação antioxidante

Epidemiological, clinical and hematological aspects of bovine anaplasmosis: a retrospective hospital-based study (2012-2021)

The aim was to carry out a retrospective study of bovine anaplasmosis diagnosed at the Bovine Clinic of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (CBG/UFRPE) from 2012 to 2021. A descriptive analysis was performed of the epidemiological, clinical, and hematological data of 230 clinical records of cattle of different age groups. The disease represented 79.9% of the hemoparasites diagnosed at the Institution. Females aged ? 24 months of taurine lineage and their crosses, reared under intensive and semi-intensive systems, were the most affected. A higher occurrence of the disease was observed in the months of August to December.   The most frequently observed clinical findings were apathy, decreased appetite, icteric mucous membranes, and tachycardia. Spontaneous abortion occurred in 12.8% of pregnant cows. Hematological findings revealed regenerative anemia, and the severity of the anemia was associated with a greater intensity of bone marrow response. Antimicrobials (oxytetracycline LA and enrofloxacin) were effective in reducing parasitemia, which, together with blood transfusion, were essential for the patient's clinical improvement. Clinical resolution with hospital discharge occurred in 82.6% of patients, with a mean hospital stay of eight days. Anaplasmosis was the most frequent hemoparasitosis in CBG/UFRPE. It is important to provide guidance measures for producers in the region, especially at the end of the rainy season before the dry season, so that the diagnosis and disease treatment are carried out as early as possible, allowing a faster recovery and return of the animals to production, and thus minimizing the economic impact to the dairy basin of the state of Pernambuco

Epidemiological, clinical and hematological aspects of bovine anaplasmosis: a retrospective hospital-based study (2012-2021)

The aim was to carry out a retrospective study of bovine anaplasmosis diagnosed at CBG/UFRPE over a period of 10 years. Descriptive analysis of epidemiological, clinical and hematological data from 230 clinical records was performed. The disease represented 79.9% of the hemoparasites diagnosed at the institution. Females aged ? 24 months of European lineage and their crosses, reared in an intensive and semi-intensive system, were the most affected. As for seasonality, a higher occurrence of the disease was observed in the months of August to December. The most frequently observed clinical findings were apathy, decreased appetite, icteric mucous membranes and tachycardia. Abortion occurred in 12.8% of pregnant cows. Hematological findings revealed regenerative anemia, whose greater intensity of medullary response was associated with anemia severity. Antimicrobials (oxytetracycline LA and enrofloxacin) were effective in reducing parasitemia, which, together with blood transfusion, were essential for the patient's clinical improvement. Clinical resolution with hospital discharge occurred in 82.6% of patients with a mean hospital stay of eight days. Anaplasmosis was the most frequent hemoparasitosis in the care provided by CBG/UFRPE, confirming the economic impact, and it is important to adopt measures to guide producers in the region, especially at the end of the rainy season for the dry season, so that the diagnosis and disease treatment are carried out as early as possible, allowing a faster recovery and return of the animals to production, minimizing the economic impact that the dairy basin of the state of Pernambuco.The aim was to carry out a retrospective study of bovine anaplasmosis diagnosed at the Bovine Clinic of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (CBG/UFRPE) from 2012 to 2021. A descriptive analysis was performed of the epidemiological, clinical, and hematological data of 230 clinical records of cattle of different age groups. The disease represented 79.9% of the hemoparasites diagnosed at the Institution. Females aged ? 24 months of taurine lineage and their crosses, reared under intensive and semi-intensive systems, were the most affected. A higher occurrence of the disease was observed in the months of August to December.   The most frequently observed clinical findings were apathy, decreased appetite, icteric mucous membranes, and tachycardia. Spontaneous abortion occurred in 12.8% of pregnant cows. Hematological findings revealed regenerative anemia, and the severity of the anemia was associated with a greater intensity of bone marrow response. Antimicrobials (oxytetracycline LA and enrofloxacin) were effective in reducing parasitemia, which, together with blood transfusion, were essential for the patient's clinical improvement. Clinical resolution with hospital discharge occurred in 82.6% of patients, with a mean hospital stay of eight days. Anaplasmosis was the most frequent hemoparasitosis in CBG/UFRPE. It is important to provide guidance measures for producers in the region, especially at the end of the rainy season before the dry season, so that the diagnosis and disease treatment are carried out as early as possible, allowing a faster recovery and return of the animals to production, and thus minimizing the economic impact to the dairy basin of the state of Pernambuco

Phytochemical analysis and biological activity from clidemia capitellata leaves (melastomataceae)

This research determined the phytochemical profile and evaluated the photoprotective, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in extracts of Clidemia capitellata leaves, obtained with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The phytochemical profile was determined through thin layer chromatography; tannins, flavonoids and total phenolics were measured; the antimicrobial activity was determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Microbicide Concentration in bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and the yeast Candida albicans. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through the methods of Reducing Power, DPPH sequestration and phosphomolybdenum. The C. capitellata leaves show flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, anthraquinones and essential oils; tannins, flavonoids and total phenolics were extracted in greater amounts with methanol, however, the acetate extract stood out in relation to antimicrobial activity, and none of the extracts showed photoprotective activity within the values established by Brazilian legislation.   Word keys: secondary metabolites. antioxidant. antimicrobial.Esta investigación determinó el perfil fitoquímico y evaluó las actividades fotoprotectoras, antimicrobianas y antioxidantes en extractos de hojas de Clidemia capitellata, obtenidos con hexano, etilo y metanol. El perfil fitoquímico se determinó mediante cromatografía en capa fina; se midieron taninos, flavonoides y fenoles totales; la actividad antimicrobiana se determinó mediante Concentración Mínima Inhibidora y Concentración Mínima de Microbicida en bacterias Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis y Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium smegmatis y la levadura Candida albicans. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó mediante los métodos de Poder Reductor, secuestro de DPPH y fosfomolibdeno. Las hojas de C. capitellata presentan flavonoides, taninos, triterpenos, esteroides, antraquinonas y aceites esenciales; los taninos, flavonoides y fenoles totales se extrajeron en mayor cantidad con metanol, sin embargo, el extracto se destacó en relación a la actividad antimicrobiana, y ninguno de los extractos mostró actividad fotoprotectora dentro de los valores establecidos por la legislación brasileña. Palabras llaves: metabolitos secundarios. antioxidante. antimicrobiano.Esta pesquisa determinou o perfil fitoquímico e avaliou as atividades fotoprotetora, antimicrobiana e antioxidante de extratos de folhas de Clidemia capitellata, obtidos com hexano, acetato de etila e metanol. Cromatografia em camada delgada foi usada para identificação dos metabólitos; taninos, flavonóides e fenólicos totais foram medidos; a atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pela Concentração Inibitória Mínima e Concentração Microbicida Mínima nas bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis e Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium smegmatis e a levedura Candida albicans. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada através dos métodos de Poder Redutor, sequestro de DPPH e fosfomolibdênio. As folhas de C. capitellata apresentam flavonóides, taninos, triterpenos, esteróides, antraquinonas e óleos essenciais; taninos, flavonóides e fenólicos totais foram extraídos em maiores quantidades com metanol, porém, o extrato acetato se destacou em relação à atividade antimicrobiana, e nenhum dos extratos apresentou atividade fotoprotetora dentro dos valores estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. Palavras-chave: metabólitos secundários. antioxidante. antimicrobiano

Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND World Health Organization expert groups recommended mortality trials of four repurposed antiviral drugs - remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon beta-1a - in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). METHODS We randomly assigned inpatients with Covid-19 equally between one of the trial drug regimens that was locally available and open control (up to five options, four active and the local standard of care). The intention-to-treat primary analyses examined in-hospital mortality in the four pairwise comparisons of each trial drug and its control (drug available but patient assigned to the same care without that drug). Rate ratios for death were calculated with stratification according to age and status regarding mechanical ventilation at trial entry. RESULTS At 405 hospitals in 30 countries, 11,330 adults underwent randomization; 2750 were assigned to receive remdesivir, 954 to hydroxychloroquine, 1411 to lopinavir (without interferon), 2063 to interferon (including 651 to interferon plus lopinavir), and 4088 to no trial drug. Adherence was 94 to 96% midway through treatment, with 2 to 6% crossover. In total, 1253 deaths were reported (median day of death, day 8; interquartile range, 4 to 14). The Kaplan-Meier 28-day mortality was 11.8% (39.0% if the patient was already receiving ventilation at randomization and 9.5% otherwise). Death occurred in 301 of 2743 patients receiving remdesivir and in 303 of 2708 receiving its control (rate ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.11; P = 0.50), in 104 of 947 patients receiving hydroxychloroquine and in 84 of 906 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.59; P = 0.23), in 148 of 1399 patients receiving lopinavir and in 146 of 1372 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.25; P = 0.97), and in 243 of 2050 patients receiving interferon and in 216 of 2050 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.39; P = 0.11). No drug definitely reduced mortality, overall or in any subgroup, or reduced initiation of ventilation or hospitalization duration. CONCLUSIONS These remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon regimens had little or no effect on hospitalized patients with Covid-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation, and duration of hospital stay. (Funded by the World Health Organization; ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN83971151; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04315948.)

Dysprosium reextraction in microdevices, experimental and numerical analysis

Grado en Ingeniería Químic