Racial differences in PSA screening interval and stage at diagnosis

This study examined PSA screening interval of black and white men aged 65 or older and its association with prostate cancer stage at diagnosis

The Effect of Hospital and Surgeon Volume on Racial Differences in Recurrence-Free Survival After Radical Prostatectomy

This study investigates associations between hospital and surgeon volume, and racial differences in recurrence after surgery for prostate cancer

Trends and Racial Differences in the Use of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is widely used to manage the symptoms of advanced prostate cancer and has been shown to slow the progression of the disease. Previous research investigating racial differences in the use of ADT has reported inconsistent findings

The Role of Organizational Affiliations and Research Networks in the Diffusion of Breast Cancer Treatment Innovation

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) sees provider-based research networks and other organizational linkages between academic researchers and community practitioners as promising vehicles for accelerating the translation of research into practice. This study examines whether organizational research affiliations and teaching affiliations are associated with accelerated diffusion of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), an innovation in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer

Race and age disparities in receipt of sentinel lymph node biopsy for early-stage breast cancer

To evaluate differences in use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) by age and race in Medicare recipients with early-stage breast cancer, we examined Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results—Medicare linked data for women undergoing breast conserving surgery for stage I or II breast cancer, including axillary staging, between January 2000 and December 2002. Multivariable generalized linear modeling with generalized estimating equations was used to identify predictors of receiving SLNB versus standard axillary lymph node dissection as the primary axillary staging modality. Women were significantly less likely to receive SLNB as their primary staging procedure if they were African American (OR 0.65), greater than 80 years of age (OR 0.71 vs. age <70), or dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid (OR 0.61). Tumor characteristics, including well-differentiated histology and stage I disease, were associated with increased likelihood of SLNB, but estrogen receptor status was not a significant predictor. Women treated at an institution affiliated with an NCI cooperative research group had significantly greater likelihood of receiving SLNB (OR 2.31). Likelihood of receiving SLNB increased for women diagnosed in 2001 and 2002 compared with 2000. Significant disparities exist in receipt of SLNB in the Medicare population, with African Americans, the elderly, and economically disadvantaged patients being less likely to receive this innovative and morbidity-sparing procedure. These findings continue a previously observed pattern of reduced access to state of the art breast cancer care among underserved populations

Long-Term Survival of Participants in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial

In the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), finasteride significantly reduced the risk of prostate cancer but was associated with an increased risk of high-grade disease. With up to 18 years of follow-up, we analyzed rates of survival among all study participants and among those with prostate cancer

Race, healthcare access and physician trust among prostate cancer patients

To study the effect of healthcare access and other characteristics on physician trust among black and white prostate cancer patients

Perceived family history risk and symptomatic diagnosis of prostate cancer: The North Carolina Prostate Cancer Outcomes study

BACKGROUND. Prostate cancer (PrCA) is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among US men. African American (AA) men remain at significantly greater risk of PrCA diagnosis and mortality than other men. Many factors contribute to the experienced disparities. METHODS. Guided by the Health Belief Model, the authors surveyed a population of AA and Caucasian men newly diagnosed with PrCA to describe racial differences in perceived risk of PrCA and to examine whether 1) perceived high risk predicts greater personal responsibility for prostate care; and 2) greater personal responsibility for prostate care predicts earlier, presymptomatic diagnosis. Multivariate general linear modeling was performed. RESULTS. The authors found that men with a PrCA family history appreciated their increased risk, but AA men with a family history were less likely to appreciate their increased risk. Nevertheless, neither reporting a PrCA family history nor perceived increased risk significantly predicted screening and preventive behaviors. Furthermore, higher physician trust predicted increased likelihood to have regular prostate exams and screening, indicating that the racial differences in seeking prostate care may be mediated through physician trust. Expressed personal responsibility for screening and more frequent preventive behaviors were associated with more frequent screening diagnoses, fewer symptomatic diagnoses, and less frequent advanced cancers. CONCLUSIONS. Together, these results indicate that appreciating greater risk for PrCA is not sufficient to ensure that men will intend, or be able, to act. Increased trust in physicians may be a useful, central marker that efforts to reduce disparities in access to medical care are succeeding