746 research outputs found
A scaling-limit approach to the theory of laser transition
The conditions for the appearance of a sharp laser transition are formulated
in terms of a scaling limit, involving vanishing cavity loss and light-matter
coupling, , , such that stays finite. It is
shown analytically that in this asymptotic parameter domain, and for pump rates
above the threshold value, the photon output becomes large in a sense that is
specified, and the photon statistics becomes strictly Poissonian. Numerical
examples for the case of a two-level and a three-level emitter are presented
and discussed in relation to the analytic result.Comment: Intended as contribution to "Photonics Europe 2012" Brussels, Belgiu
Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics for Multi-Site Modeling of Frail and Elderly Patient Services
Recent research has highlighted the potential of linking predictive and
prescriptive analytics. However, it remains widely unexplored how both
paradigms could benefit from one another to address today's major challenges in
healthcare. One of these is smarter planning of resource capacities for frail
and elderly inpatient wards, addressing the societal challenge of an aging
population. Frail and elderly patients typically suffer from multimorbidity and
require more care while receiving medical treatment. The aim of this research
is to assess how various predictive and prescriptive analytical methods, both
individually and in tandem, contribute to addressing the operational challenges
within an area of healthcare that is growing in demand. Clinical and
demographic patient attributes are gathered from more than 165,000 patient
records and used to explain and predict length of stay. To that extent, we
employ Classification and Regression Trees (CART) analysis to establish this
relationship. On the prescriptive side, deterministic and two-stage stochastic
programs are developed to determine how to optimally plan for beds and ward
staff with the objective to minimize cost. Furthermore, the two analytical
methodologies are linked by generating demand for the prescriptive models using
the CART groupings. The results show the linked methodologies provided
different but similar results compared to using averages and in doing so,
captured a more realistic real-world variation in the patient length of stay.
Our research reveals that healthcare managers should consider using predictive
and prescriptive models to make more informed decisions. By combining
predictive and prescriptive analytics, healthcare managers can move away from
relying on averages and incorporate the unique characteristics of their
patients to create more robust planning decisions, mitigating risks caused by
variations in demand
The two-level atom laser: analytical results and the laser transition
The problem of the two-level atom laser is studied analytically. The
steady-state solution is expressed as a continued fraction, and allows for
accurate approximation by rational functions. Moreover, we show that the abrupt
change observed in the pump dependence of the steady-state population is
directly connected with the transition to the lasing regime. The condition for
a sharp transition to Poissonian statistics is expressed as a scaling limit of
vanishing cavity loss and light-matter coupling, , ,
such that stays finite and , where
is the rate of atomic losses. The same scaling procedure is also shown to
describe a similar change to Poisson distribution in the Scully-Lamb laser
model too, suggesting that the low-, low- asymptotics is of a more
general significance for the laser transition.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures. Extended discussion of the paper aim (in the
Introduction) and of the results (Conclusions and Discussion). Results
unchange
Asthenosphere-induced melting of diverse source regions for East Carpathian post-collisional volcanism
The occurrence of post-subduction magmatism in continental collision zones is a ubiquitous feature of plate tectonics, but its relation with geodynamic processes remains enigmatic. The nature of mantle sources in these settings, and their interaction with subduction-related components, are difficult to constrain using bulk rocks when magmas are subject to mixing and assimilation within the crust. Here we examine post-collisional magma sources in space and time through the chemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions and early-formed minerals (spinel, olivine and clinopyroxene) in primitive volcanic rocks from the Neogene–Quaternary East Carpathian volcanic range in Călimani (calc-alkaline; 10.1–6.7 Ma), Southern Harghita (calc-alkaline to shoshonitic; 5.3–0.03 Ma) and the Perșani Mountains (alkali basaltic; 1.2–0.6 Ma). Călimani calc-alkaline parental magma compositions indicate a lithospheric mantle source metasomatised by ~ 2% sediment-derived melts, and are best reproduced by ~ 2–12% melting. Mafic K-alkaline melts in Southern Harghita originate from a melt- and fluid-metasomatised lithospheric mantle source containing amphibole (± phlogopite), by ~ 5% melting. Intraplate Na-alkaline basalts from Racoș (Perșani) reflect small-degree (1–2%) asthenosphere-derived parental melts which experienced minor interaction with metasomatic components in the lithosphere. An important feature of the East Carpathian post-collisional volcanism is that the lithospheric source regions are located in the lower plate (distal Europe-Moesia), rather than the overriding plate (Tisza-Dacia). The volcanism appears to have been caused by (1) asthenospheric uprise following slab sinking and possibly south-eastward propagating delamination and breakoff, which induced melting of the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle (Călimani to Southern Harghita); and (2) decompression melting as a consequence of minor asthenospheric upwelling (Perșani)
Linking predictive and prescriptive analytics of elderly and frail patient hospital services
Predictive and prescriptive techniques are being
evaluated to predict demand for inpatient services within South East Wales. This work is specifically focusing on multi-site hospital services for elderly and frail patients, using classification and regression trees to determine patient clusters with similar attributes, yielding results of up to 89.62% accuracy. By incorporating these results into mathematical models we aim to quantify the value of incorporating the clustering results in a deterministic
and stochastic mathematical programme.
Index Terms—Machine Learning, Math
Clinical pathway modelling: A literature review
Hospital information systems are increasingly used as part of decision support tools for planning at strategic, tactical and operational decision levels. Clinical pathways are an effective and efficient approach in standardising the progression of treatment, to support patient care and facilitate clinical decision making. This literature review proposes a taxonomy of problems related to clinical pathways and explores the intersection between Information Systems (IS), Operational Research (OR) and industrial engineering. A structured search identified 175 papers included in the taxonomy and analysed in this review. The findings suggest that future work should consider industrial engineering integrated with OR techniques, with an aim to improving the handling of multiple scopes within one model, while encouraging interaction between the disjoint care levels and with a more direct focus on patient outcomes. Achieving this would continue to bridge the gap between OR, IS and industrial engineering, for clinical pathways to aid decision support
- …