Effect of dietary patterns differing in carbohydrate and fat content on blood lipidand glucose profiles based on weight-loss success of breast-cancer survivors

INTRODUCTION: Healthy body weight is an important factor for prevention of breast cancer recurrence. Yet, weight loss and weight gain are not currently included in clinical-practice guidelines for posttreatment of breast cancer. The work reported addresses one of the questions that must be considered in recommending weight loss to patients: does it matter what diet plan is used, a question of particular importance because breast cancer treatment can increase risk for cardiovascular disease. METHODS: Women who completed treatment for breast cancer were enrolled in a nonrandomized, controlled study investigating effects of weight loss achieved by using two dietary patterns at the extremes of macronutrient composition, although both diet arms were equivalent in protein: high fat, low carbohydrate versus low fat, high carbohydrate. A nonintervention group served as the control arm; women were assigned to intervention arms based on dietary preferences. During the 6-month weight-loss program, which was menu and recipe defined, participants had monthly clinical visits at which anthropometric data were collected and fasting blood was obtained for safety monitoring for plasma lipid profiles and fasting glucose. Results from 142 participants are reported. RESULTS: Adverse effects on fasting blood lipids or glucose were not observed in either dietary arm. A decrease in fasting glucose was observed with progressive weight loss and was greater in participants who lost more weight, but the effect was not statistically significant, even though it was observed across both diet groups (P = 0.21). Beneficial effects of weight loss on cholesterol (4.7%; P = 0.001), triglycerides (21.8%; P = 0.01), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (5.8%; P = 0.06) were observed in both groups. For cholesterol (P = 0.07) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.13), greater reduction trends were seen on the low-fat diet pattern; whereas, for triglycerides (P = 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.08), a decrease or increase, respectively, was greater on the low-carbohydrate diet pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Because an individual's dietary preferences can affect dietary adherence and weight-loss success, the lack of evidence of a negative effect of dietary pattern on biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk is an important consideration in the development of breast cancer practice guidelines for physicians who recommend that their patients lose weight. Whether dietary pattern affects biomarkers that predict long-term survival is a primary question in this ongoing clinical trial

A review of nabilone in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008 February; 4(1): 99–107 2

Abstract: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients places a signifi cant burden on patients' function and quality of life, their families and caregivers, and healthcare providers. Despite the advances in preventing CINV, a substantial proportion of patients experience persistent nausea and vomiting. Nabilone, a cannabinoid, recently received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of the nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy who fail to achieve adequate relief from conventional treatments. The cannabinoids exert antiemetic effects via agonism of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Clinical trials have demonstrated the benefi ts of nabilone in cancer chemotherapy patients. Use of the agent is optimized with judicious dosing and selection of patients

A review of nabilone in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Mark A Ware1, Paul Daeninck2, Vincent Maida31Pain Center, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; 2Pain and Symptom Clinic, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 3University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaAbstract: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients places a significant burden on patients’ function and quality of life, their families and caregivers, and healthcare providers. Despite the advances in preventing CINV, a substantial proportion of patients experience persistent nausea and vomiting. Nabilone, a cannabinoid, recently received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of the nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy who fail to achieve adequate relief from conventional treatments. The cannabinoids exert antiemetic effects via agonism of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of nabilone in cancer chemotherapy patients. Use of the agent is optimized with judicious dosing and selection of patients.Keywords: nabilone, chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting, pai

Simulation of three-dimensional bluff-body flows using the vortex particle and boundary element methods

Recent contributions to the 3-D vortex method for bluff-body flows are presented. The numerical method--a vortex method combined with a boundary element method--is briefy reviewed. It is applied to direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the flow past a sphere (Re= 300, 500 and 1000). The on-going work to extend the method towards vortex-based large-eddy simulation (LES) for high Reynolds number flows is also presented. Preliminary results for the flow past a hemisphere are discussed

Simulation of three-dimensional bluff-body flows using vortex methods: from direct numerical simulation towards large-eddy simulation modelling

Recent contributions to the three-dimensional vortex method for bluff-body flows are presented. The numerical method a vortex method combined with a boundary element method is briefly reviewed. It is applied to direct numerical simulation of the flow past a sphere (Re = 300 and 1000). The on-going work to extend the method towards vortex-based large-eddy simulation for high Reynolds number flows is also presented. Preliminary results for the flow past a hemisphere are discussed