2 research outputs found
MeLPUF: Memory in Logic PUF
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are used for securing electronic designs
across the implementation spectrum ranging from lightweight FPGA to
server-class ASIC designs. However, current PUF implementations are vulnerable
to model-building attacks; they often incur significant design overheads and
are challenging to configure based on application-specific requirements. These
factors limit their application, primarily in the case of the system on chip
(SoC) designs used in diverse applications. In this work, we propose MeL-PUF -
Memory-in-Logic PUF, a low-overhead, distributed, and synthesizable PUF that
takes advantage of existing logic gates in a design and transforms them to
create cross-coupled inverters (i.e. memory cells) controlled by a PUF control
signal. The power-up states of these memory cells are used as the source of
entropy in the proposed PUF architecture. These on-demand memory cells can be
distributed across the combinational logic of various intellectual property
(IP) blocks in a system on chip (SoC) design. They can also be synthesized with
a standard logic synthesis tool to meet the area,power, or performance
constraints of a design. By aggregating the power-up states from multiple such
memory cells, we can create a PUF signature or digital fingerprint of varying
size. We evaluate the MeL-PUF signature quality with both circuit-level
simulations as well as with measurements in FPGA devices. We show that MeL-PUF
provides high-quality signatures in terms of uniqueness, randomness, and
robustness, without incurring large overheads. We also suggest additional
optimizations that can be leveraged to improve the performance of MeL-PUF.Comment: 5 pages, 16 figure
Detecting Dye-Contaminated Vegetables Using Low-Field NMR Relaxometry
Dyeing vegetables with harmful compounds has become an alarming public health issue over the past few years. Excessive consumption of these dyed vegetables can cause severe health hazards, including cancer. Copper sulfate, malachite green, and Sudan red are some of the non-food-grade dyes widely used on vegetables by untrusted entities in the food supply chain to make them look fresh and vibrant. In this study, the presence and quantity of dye-based adulteration in vegetables are determined by applying 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry. The proposed technique was validated by treating some vegetables in-house with different dyes and then soaking them in various solvents. The resulting solutions were collected and analyzed using NMR relaxometry. Specifically, the effective transverse relaxation time constant, T2,eff, of each solution was estimated using a Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence. Finally, the estimated time constants (i.e., measured signatures) were compared with a library of existing T2,eff data to detect and quantify the presence of unwanted dyes. The latter consists of data-driven models of transverse decay times for various concentrations of each water-soluble dye. The time required to analyze each sample using the proposed approach is dye-dependent but typically no longer than a few minutes. The analysis results can be used to generate warning flags if the detected dye concentrations violate widely accepted standards for food dyes. The proposed low-cost detection approach can be used in various stages of a produce supply chain, including consumer household