ミカンバエ(ハエ目ミバエ科）の個体群構造の解析

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第25352号農博第2618号京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻(主査)教授 日本 典秀, 教授 田中 千尋, 准教授 小野 肇学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDGA

Cyber Mutually Assured Destruction & Counterproliferation for the 21st Century: “How I stopped worrying and learned to love the software exploit.”

The growth of cyberspace has challenged existing frameworks for strategic competition. As a result, government, private, and academic planners seek to develop a novel framework for integrating cyberspace into diplomatic, military, and intelligence planning. This has been a difficult proposition and continues to be an area of vulnerability for the United States. To date, the United States has threatened nuclear retaliation for large scale cyber-attacks, but a comprehensive strategy has not been made publicly clear. However, this integration challenge has been encountered and solved previously. Nuclear weapons changed warfare in the twentieth century, but the United States used Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) and Counterproliferation to adapt to the new warfront. This paper seeks to dissect the nuclear strategy, apply the extracted fundamental principles in creating a loose integration framework, and propose policy measures to implement that framework. The advent of nuclear and cyberweapons shares intrinsic similarity, making such a comparison viable. As proposed in this paper, the cyber strategy would treat near-peer actors differently from non-peer and non-state actors. Against near-peers, it would emphasize survivability and deterrence with implanted exploits or survivable data center infrastructure. For non-peers and non-states, it calls for development of military mission areas to prevent cyberweapon proliferation. Such a dualistic approach may provide a reasonable framework for integrating the cyberspace into international competition and allow the United States to adapt in the technology age

3,5,7-Trimeth­oxy-2-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one

In the title compound, C19H18O6, also known as 3,4′,5,7-tetra­methoxy­flavone, the dihedral angle between the benzopyran-4-one group and the attached benzene ring is 11.23 (8)°. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (01) by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate R 4 4(20), R 4 4(12) and R 2 2(14) ring motifs. Adjacent networks interact by π–π inter­actions between the pyran ring and its methoxy­phenyl substituent [centroid–centroid distance = 3.5267 (8) Å]

Simple Dynamic Spanners with Near-Optimal Recourse Against an Adaptive Adversary

Designing dynamic algorithms against an adaptive adversary whose performance match the ones assuming an oblivious adversary is a major research program in the field of dynamic graph algorithms. One of the prominent examples whose oblivious-vs-adaptive gap remains maximally large is the fully dynamic spanner problem; there exist algorithms assuming an oblivious adversary with near-optimal size-stretch trade-off using only polylog(n) update time [Baswana, Khurana, and Sarkar TALG\u2712; Forster and Goranci STOC\u2719; Bernstein, Forster, and Henzinger SODA\u2720], while against an adaptive adversary, even when we allow infinite time and only count recourse (i.e. the number of edge changes per update in the maintained spanner), all previous algorithms with stretch at most log?(n) require at least ?(n) amortized recourse [Ausiello, Franciosa, and Italiano ESA\u2705]. In this paper, we completely close this gap with respect to recourse by showing algorithms against an adaptive adversary with near-optimal size-stretch trade-off and recourse. More precisely, for any k ? 1, our algorithm maintains a (2k-1)-spanner of size O(n^{1+1/k}log n) with O(log n) amortized recourse, which is optimal in all parameters up to a O(log n) factor. As a step toward algorithms with small update time (not just recourse), we show another algorithm that maintains a 3-spanner of size O?(n^{1.5}) with polylog(n) amortized recourse and simultaneously O?(?n) worst-case update time

5,7-Dimeth­oxy-2-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one methanol solvate monohydrate

In the title compound (alternatively called 4′,5,7-trimethoxy­flavone methanol solvate hydrate), C18H16O5·CH3OH·H2O, the flavone mol­ecule is almost planar, the inter­planar angle between the planes of the benzopyran-4-one group and the attached benzene ring being 4.69 (9)°. In the crystal, the flavone mol­ecule makes inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to adjacent inversion-related flavone mol­ecules, generating R 2 2(8) and R 2 2(14) rings and an infinite ribbon. The inversion-related ribbons are stabilized through the inter­stitial water and methanol mol­ecules via inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating R 4 2(8) and R 2 1(6) rings and C 2 2(4) chains, and are further sustained by π–π inter­actions with an inter­planar spacing of 3.365 (2)Å

Developing Of Health Promotion Of District Hospitals In Thailand

The aim of this research is to investigate the health promotion services provided by district hospitals in the northeast of Thailand in order to improve health promotion guideline for district hospitals. The qualitative research was conducted from January 2009 to March 2010. Informants were the managers, the staff members responsible for developing and providing services of health promotion from 19 small, medium and large-sized district hospitals in the Northeastern region of Thailand. The in-depth interview was employed to gather the information analyzed by using content analysis. It was found that the new health promotion trends in district hospitals in the northeast were as follows. The organizational structures for promoting health were obviously defined while active services inside and outside the hospitals were clearly developed which bring health promotion practices to serviced users. Public policy for health was offered in the form of quality control, information management and active services while environmental management emphasized on creating comfort and learning environments for the hospital staff members and serviced users. Collaborations between professional organizations and multi-level networks had been established by district hospitals resulting in services with more accessibility and strengthening local communities. In addition, personal skill development and public health education yielded change to the health behaviors of hospital staff members, serviced users and people in local communities. For health service reorientation, there was emphasis on development of the quality of local community services in forms of professional standard development and assessment of health behavior outcome. The forms of health promotion provided by district hospitals in the northeast that were found were public policy for health promotion, active services, environmental management for health, community strengthening in form of collaboration networks, personal skill development and public health education for changing behavior, and change of health services. In order to improve health promotion, health promotion policies must be clearly defined and collaboration between stakeholders both inside and outside hospitals must be supported.

Development of an alcohol intervention model for predicting healthcare costs, life years, quality-adjusted life years and using for economic evaluation

Objectives To develop an alcohol intervention model that predicts life years (LYs), quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and healthcare costs classified by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) screening tool and other various risk factors related to alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the developed model was transferred to the Thai setting. Methods Eight Scottish Health Surveys from 1995-2012 were linked to Scottish morbidity records and death records for the period 1981 to the end of 2013. Parametric survival analysis was used to estimate the hazard risks of first alcohol-related and non-alcohol related hospitalisations and deaths. For men and women, multivariate data analyses were applied separately for each gender in modelling the utility score, risks of subsequent hospitalisation and annual healthcare costs within the follow-up period. Risk profiles were used for the covariates of the models as follows: age, socio-economic status, health condition, alcohol drinking (i.e. AUDIT and binge drinking), smoking, body mass index, and physical activity. According to the under-reporting bias of alcohol consumption among the survey population, this study adjusted the reported alcohol consumption using alcohol sales data. Multiple imputation approach was applied to deal with missing data. A health-state transition model with annual cycle length was developed to predict LYs, QALYs, lifetime costs, and cost-effectiveness. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also performed to deal with parameter uncertainty. Moreover, a methodological transferability protocol of the Thai study was detailed. Results The sample size of the cohort was 46,230. The developed model showed the association between drinking and alcohol-related and non-alcohol related hospitalisations and deaths which were calculated as LYs and QALYs. Other risk factors were also taken into account that would likely affect the outcomes of interest. The modelling showed that an increasing AUDIT score and the number of cigarettes per day were associated with an increased risk of first alcohol-attributable hospitalisation. Predicted outcomes for a male aged 30 year with high-risk drinking levels (AUDIT >7) were worse than males with low risk drinking (AUDIT ≤7), with approximately 5 LY gained and 7 QALY gained. The same results for females were obtained for high-risk drinking (AUDIT >4) compared to low-risk drinking (AUDIT ≤4), with approximately 10 LY gained and 12 QALY gained. Furthermore, an economic evaluation was performed to compare the no-intervention situation with a hypothetical health promotion intervention - which aimed to stop drinking (measured by the AUDIT) and smoking (measured by the number of cigarettes per day) behaviours. To compare the costs and benefits of the hypothetical intervention and no intervention over the lifetime period, a within-trial analysis combined with the developed model was able to capture both short- and longer-term consequences (i.e. LYs, QALYs, and healthcare costs) of the intervention. Finally, the model was able to compare cost-effectiveness ratio between risk behaviours without the new intervention and the modified risk behaviours when the new intervention is implemented. Conclusions The study highlights the potential and importance of developing health economic models utilising data from routine national health surveys linked to national hospitalisation and death records. The developed framework can be used for further economic evaluation of alcohol interventions and other health behaviour change interventions. The framework can further be transferred to other country settings

KOMUNIKASI ANTAR BUDAYA (STUDI KASUS : PERTUKARAN PELAJAR INDONESIA DI MALAYSIA)

Intercultural communication occurs during communication between individual or groups of different races, ethnicities, or socio-economic level. The differences between two or more cultures that meet each other can of course give rise to different patterns of intraction and communication, this is a resultof the diverse experiences, values and perspectives of each culture. This research was conducted to understand intercultural communication that course among Indonesian studens and how they overcome these communications barriers , as well as their efforts to interact with each other. This research uses qualitative methods. Data was collected using interview techniques with three Indonesian students studying at the state University of Malang. To achive this aim, five research questions were asked. The results of this research show that Indonesian intercultural communication is quite good, although initially there were many obstacles in the communication process, such as problems with diffrences in terms in the language used, habits, and the way of conveying information (both directly and via social media) which caused misunderstandings. However, this is not an obstacle for them to continue interacting and communicating with each other. To overcome this problem, they must learn more about Malaysian culture and respect each other’s cultural differences