Die Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes in der Ligamentum Patellae Einbündeltechnik und Semitendinosus- gracilis Zweibündeltechnik

Zielsetzung: Erstes Studienziel war ein Vergleich der Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes (VKB) durch die Ligamentum- patellae Einbündeltechnik (LP- EB) und Semitendinosus- gracilis Zweibündeltechnik (STG- ZB) anhand von subjektiven und/oder objektiven klinischen Ergebnissen sowie der Rotations- und Translationsstabilität ein bzw. zwei Jahre postoperativ. Als zweites Studienziel galt die Beurteilung einer möglichen Korrelation von anatomische und nicht- anatomische platzierten VKB Rekonstruktionen mit dem klinischen Outcome in beiden Techniken. Nullhypothesen: Die oben genannte Zielsetzung wurde durch folgende Nullhypothesen aufgestellt: H01: Es ergibt sich kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied bezüglich des Tegner, IKDC und WOMAC Scores zwischen VKB Rekonstruktionen in der LP- EB versus der STG- ZB Technik H02: Es ergibt sich kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied bezüglich der erhobenen KT 1000 Relativwerte im Vergleich zur Gegenseite zwischen VKB Rekonstruktionen in der LP- EB versus der STG- ZB Technik H03: Es ergibt sich kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied bezüglich des Pivot- Shift Tests zwischen VKB Rekonstruktionen in der LP- EB versus der STG- ZB Technik H04: Die zweimalige radiologische Konstruktion und Beurteilung der Tunnelposition in beiden Techniken (LP- EB; STG- ZB) durch zwei unterschiedliche Untersucher ist nicht reproduzierbar und zuverlässig, was sich durch nicht adäquate inter- und intraobserver Koeffizienten zeigt. H05: Es ergibt sich keine Korrelation von anatomisch platzierten VKB Rekonstruktionen mit einem überlegeneren klinischen Outcome als nicht- anatomische VKB Rekonstruktionen in der LP- EB Technik. H06: Es ergibt sich keine Korrelation von anatomisch platzierten VKB Rekonstruktionen mit einem überlegeneren klinischen Outcome als nicht- anatomische VKB Rekonstruktionen in der STG- ZB Technik. Patienten und Methodik: Einundvierzig Patienten der LP- EB Gruppe und 51 der STG- ZB Gruppe wurden in eine prospektive Kohortenstudie aufgenommen. Die Patienten wurden präoperativ sowie ein bzw. zwei Jahre postoperativ hinsichtlich des Tegner, IKDC und WOMAC Scores evaluiert. Die präoperative Vergleichbarkeit der Gruppen bestand hinsichtlich gleicher demographischen Daten, den o.g. klinischen Scores, dem Unfallhergang, dem Zeitintervall vom Zeitpunkt des Unfalles bis zur Therapie, dem Grad der anteriorposterioren Instabilität und den Meniskusverletzungen. Beim ein Jahres Follow- up wurden die Kniegelenke anhand 53 dreidimensionaler CT Aufnahmen in anatomische und nicht- anatomische VKB Rekonstruktionen unterteilt. Anatomische und nichtanatomische Rekonstruktionen wurden mit den klinischen Outcome beim ein Jahres Follow- up in beiden Techniken korreliert. Außerdem wurden die klinischen Parameter beider Techniken beim zwei Jahres Follow- up miteinander verglichen. Ergebnisse: Beim zwei Jahres Follow- up zeigte sich zwischen den LP- EB und STG- ZB VKB Rekonstruktionen kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied hinsichtlich der erhobenen klinischen Scores und der KT 1000 Relativwerte. Hinsichtlich des Pivot- Shift Tests und des vorderen Knieschmerzes gab es statistisch signifikante Vorteile, jeweils in der STG- ZB Technik. Durch unsere radiologische Analyse konnten wir die VKB Rekonstruktionen in anatomische und nicht- anatomische unterteilen und eine positive Korrelation von anatomisch platzierten VKB Rekonstruktionen mit dem klinischen Outcome nach einem Jahr in beiden Techniken nachweisen. Die von zwei Untersuchern durchgeführten Messungen wurden anhand des Cohen´ s cappa Koeffizienten als „fast perfekt“ hinsichtlich des inter- und intraoberserver Koeffizienten beurteilt. Schlussfolgen: Wir schlussfolgern, dass mittellangfristig beide Techniken adäquate Versorgungsmöglichkeiten bei Rupturen des vorderen Kreuzbandes darstellen. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse hinsichtlich anatomischer und nichtanatomischer VKB Rekonstruktionen folgern wir, dass in beiden Techniken zufrieden stellende Ergebnisse zu erzielen sind, sofern der Chirurg das gewählte Transplantat anatomisch korrekt positioniert

The Role of Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy on the Diagnosis of Desmoid Tumors

Background. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered as imaging modality of choice in diagnosis of desmoid tumors, though even this technique can lack the ability to distinguish aggressive fibromatosis from other benign or malignant soft tissue tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate if desmoid tumors would show an adequate tracer uptake in somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and moreover to correlate these results with immunohistochemical staining. Patients and Methods. Thirteen patients with desmoid tumors were examined with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Additionally, seven of these patients have been tested for the immunohistochemical expression of somatostatin receptor subtype 2A. The results of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and the results of immunohistochemical staining (somatostatin receptor subtype 2A) were evaluated and correlated. Results. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy revealed that eight of 13 affected patients (62%) showed an enhanced tracer uptake. On the other hand, the correlation between the results of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and immunohistochemical investigations was poor (two out of seven cases). Conclusion. The current study demonstrated that desmoid tumors frequently express somatostatin receptor subtype 2, while immunohistochemical investigations did not correlate with these findings. This may likely be due to lack of standardization of this technique and also due to heterogeneous receptor distribution within the tumors

Clonality Assessment in a Case of Multifocal Adamantinoma and a Review of the Literature

Adamantinoma is a low-grade, malignant biphasic bone tumour predominantly located in the tibia. In up to 50% of all cases this is combined with one or more lesions in the ipsilateral fibula. Whether these lesions represent regional metastases or arise de novo is not yet exactly known. In order to address this question, we extracted DNA from the respective fresh frozen tumour tissues in a case of a young woman with a multifocal adamantinoma of both the tibia and ipsilateral fibula. Afterwards the X inactivation pattern was studied by means of methylation-sensitive polymerase chain reaction and primers that target the polymorphic CGG trinucleotide repeat of FMR1 gene and the polymorphic CAG repeat, on exon 1 of the human androgen receptor gene (AR). The analysis of the AR was homozygous and not informative. Studying the FMR1 gene, we detected a 100% skewing of the X inactivation pattern of both locations and found that the same allele was methylated. Even if the fibula lesion arose de novo there would have been a 50 : 50 chance that the same allele was methylated. As this methylation pattern was found we cannot provide a valid explanation for the origin of the fibula lesion. Analysis of X inactivation patterns in future cases of polyfocal adamantinoma might provide further evidence for one of the two theories

Infraglenoidal scapular notching in reverse total shoulder replacement: a prospective series of 60 cases and systematic review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The impact of infraglenoidal scapular notching in reversed total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is still controversially discussed. Our goal was to evaluate its potential influence on subjective shoulder stability and clinical outcome. We hypothesized that subjective instability and clinical outcome after implantation of RTSA correlates with objective scapular notching.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sixty shoulders were assessed preoperatively and at minimum 2-year follow-up for active range of motion and by use of the Oxford instability score, Rowe score for instability, Constant score for pain, Constant shoulder score, DASH score. All shoulders were evaluated on anterior-posterior and axillary lateral radiographic views. These X-ray scans were classified twice by two orthopaedic surgeons with respect to infraglenoidal scapular notching according to the classification of Nerot. Notching was tested for correlation with clinical outcome scores to the evaluated notching.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found no significant correlation between infraglenoidal scapular notching and clinical outcomes after a mid-term follow-up from 24 to 60 months, but at the final follow-up of 60 months and more, we did see statistically significant, positive correlations between infraglenoidal scapular notching and the Constant pain score as well as active range of motion. At mean follow-up of 42 months (range from 24 to 96 months) we found no significant correlation between subjective instability and infraglenoidal scapular notching.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that patients' subjective impression on their shoulders' stability is not correlating with radiological signs of infraglenoidal scapular notching. Nevertheless clinical parameters are affected by infraglenoidal scapular notching, at least in the long term</p

Auto-aggressive metallic mercury injection around the knee joint: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Accidental or intentional subcutaneous and/or intramuscular injection of metallic mercury is an uncommon form of poisoning. Although it does not carry the same risk as mercury vapour inhalation, it may cause destructive early and late reactions.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>Herein we present the case of a 29-year-old male patient who developed an obsessive-compulsive disorder causing auto-aggressive behaviour with injection of elemental mercury and several other foreign bodies into the soft tissues around the left knee about 15 years before initial presentation. For clinical examination X-rays and a CT-scan of the affected area were performed. Furthermore, blood was taken to determine the mercury concentration in the blood, which showed a concentration 17-fold higher than recommended. As a consequence, the mercury depots and several foreign bodies were resected marginally.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Blood levels of mercury will decrease rapidly following surgery, especially in combination with chelating therapy. In case of subcutaneous and intramuscular injection of metallic mercury we recommend marginal or wide excision of all contaminated tissue to prevent migration of mercury and chronic inflammation. Nevertheless, prolonged clinical and biochemical monitoring should be performed for several years to screen for chronic intoxication.</p

Radiolucent lines in low-contact-stress mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty: a blinded and matched case control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Low-contact-stress (LCS) mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ; previously: DePuy, Warsawa, USA) provides excellent functional results and wear rates in long-term follow-up analyses. Radiological analysis shows radiolucent lines (RLL) appearing immediately or two years after primary implantation, indicative of poor seat. Investigations proved RLL to be more frequent in uncemented TKA, resulting in a consensus to cement the tibial plateau, but their association with clinical findings and patients discomfort and knee pain is still unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>553 patients with 566 low-contact-stress (LCS) total knee prostheses were screened for continuous moderate knee pain. We compared tibial stress shielding classified by Ewald in patients suffering from pain with a matched, pain-free control group on blinded X-rays. We hypothesized a positive correlation between pain and radiolucency and higher frequency of such radiolucent lines in the most medial and most lateral zones of the tibial plateau.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty-eight patients suffered from knee pain in total. Radiolucencies were detected in 27 of these cases and in six out of 28 matched controls without knee pain. We could demonstrate a significant correlation of knee pain and radiolucencies, which appeared significantly more frequently in the outermost zones of the tibial plateau.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings suggest that radiolucent lines, representing poor implant seat, about the tibial plateau are associated with knee pain in LCS patients. Radiolucencies are observed more often in noncemented LCS, and cementing the tibial plateau might improve implant seat and reduce both radiolucent lines and associated knee pain.</p

Age- and Gender-Related Differences in the Morphology of Cuff Tear Arthropathy: A Cross Sectional Analysis

Rotator cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) is the most common reason for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). There is minimal understanding of the natural progression of osteoarthritis of the shoulder and of the morphologic differences between men and women and between younger and older patients. This trial comprised 309 patients (342 shoulders) who underwent RSA due to CTA in the period between January 2009 and September 2019. The patients were divided into gender and age groups. Preoperative X-rays, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were conducted using various classifications to describe the morphology of the CTA. Of all 342 analyzed shoulders, 209 were right and 133 were left shoulders. A total of 257 female shoulders and 85 male shoulders were assessed. Both mean age and age distribution were significantly different (74.37 years in female and 70.11 years in male patients, p = 0.001; 70.2% female patients in the age group &lt;75.5 years and 80.1% in the age group &gt;75.5 years, p = 0.045). A larger extent of progression of the fatty infiltration was detected both in the female cohort (p = 0.006) and in the older age group (p = 0.001). Additionally, older patients had significantly higher levels of muscle retraction (Patte; p = 0.003), a lower acromiohumeral distance (p = 0.042) and more advanced CTA (Seebauer; p = 0.006)