2 research outputs found
Giant condyloma acuminatum of the scrotum in a man with AIDS: a case report
Abstract Introduction Giant condyloma acuminatum, also called a Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, first described in 1925, is a slow-growing, locally aggressive, destructive tumor of the ano-genital region. Scrotal tumors are rare. Reports on giant condyloma acuminatum lesions in patients with HIV and AIDS are surprisingly even rarer. Case presentation In this report, we present the case of a 42-year-old African man with AIDS who was undergoing anti-retroviral therapy. He was found to have a giant condyloma acuminatum of the scrotum. Wide surgical excision and scrotal reconstruction with a pedicled anterolateral thigh flap was performed, significantly improving his quality of life. Conclusion Decision making regarding the goals of surgical intervention in the terminally ill is a complex process. The options include conservative medical palliation or palliative excision versus a curative excision that has the potential for significant morbidity. Wide surgical excision with local flap reconstruction significantly improved the quality of life of the patient described herein. The challenges presented by emerging or unusual presentations of surgical pathology secondary to HIV and AIDS in patients who are on anti-retroviral therapy provide an opportunity for research and the establishment of guidelines for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients.</p
Household dietary exposure to aflatoxins from maize and maize products in Kenya
Aflatoxicosis has repeatedly affected Kenyans, particularly in the eastern region, due to consumption of contaminated
maize. However, save for the cases of acute toxicity, the levels of sub-lethal exposure have not been adequately assessed. It
is believed that this type of exposure does exist even during the seasons when acute toxicity does not occur. This study,
therefore, was designed to assess the exposure of households to aflatoxins through consumption of maize and maize
products. Twenty samples each of maize kernels, muthokoi and maize meal were randomly sampled from households in
Kibwezi District of Makueni County in Eastern Kenya and analysed for aflatoxin contamination. The samples were
quantitatively analysed for aflatoxin contamination using HPLC. The uncertainty and variability in dietary exposure was
quantitatively modelled in Ms Excel using Monte Carlo simulation in @Risk software. Aflatoxins were found in 45% of
maize kernels at between 18 and 480 ÎŒg kgâ1, 20% of muthokoi at between 12 and 123 ÎŒg kgâ1, and 35% of maize meal at
between 6 and 30 ÎŒg kgâ1. The mean dietary exposure to aflatoxin in maize kernels was 292 ± 1567 ng kgâ1 body weight
dayâ1, while the mean dietary exposure to aflatoxin in maize meal and muthokoi were 59 ± 62 and 27 ± 154 ng kgâ1 body
weight dayâ1 respectively. The results showed that the amount and frequency of consumption of the three foods is the more
important contributing factor than the mean aflatoxin concentration levels, to the risk of dietary exposure to aflatoxins.http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tfac202016-05-30hb201