HIV/AIDS: Risk Protective Behaviors among American Young Adults, 2004-2011.

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137923/1/mtf-hiv-aids_2011.pd

HIV/AIDS: Risk protective behaviors among adults ages 21 to 40 in the U.S., 2004-2015.

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137905/1/mtf-hiv-aids_2015.pd

HIV/AIDS: Risk Protective Behaviors among American Young Adults, 2004-2012.

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137918/1/mtf-hiv-aids_2012.pd

HIV/AIDS: Risk protective behaviors among adults ages 21 to 40 in the U.S., 2004-2013.

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137914/1/mtf-hiv-aids_2013.pd

The objectives and theoretical foundation of the Monitoring the Future Study

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137886/1/mtf-occ84.pd

How does state marijuana policy affect US youth? Medical marijuana laws, marijuana use and perceived harmfulness: 1991–2014

AimsTo test, among US students: (1) whether perceived harmfulness of marijuana has changed over time, (2) whether perceived harmfulness of marijuana changed post‐passage of state medical marijuana laws (MML) compared with pre‐passage; and (3) whether perceived harmfulness of marijuana statistically mediates and/or modifies the relation between MML and marijuana use as a function of grade level.DesignCross‐sectional nationally representative surveys of US students, conducted annually, 1991–2014, in the Monitoring the Future study.SettingSurveys conducted in schools in all coterminous states; 21 states passed MML between 1996 and 2014.ParticipantsThe sample included 1 134 734 adolescents in 8th, 10th and 12th grades.MeasurementsState passage of MML; perceived harmfulness of marijuana use (perceiving great or moderate risk to health from smoking marijuana occasionally versus slight or no risk); and marijuana use (prior 30 days). Data were analyzed using time‐varying multi‐level regression modeling.FindingsThe perceived harmfulness of marijuana has decreased significantly since 1991 (from an estimated 84.0% in 1991 to 53.8% in 2014, P < 0.01) and, across time, perceived harmfulness was lower in states that passed MML [odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75–0.97]. In states with MML, perceived harmfulness of marijuana increased among 8th graders after MML passage (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08–1.36), while marijuana use decreased (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.72–0.92). Results were null for other grades, and for all grades combined. Increases in perceived harmfulness among 8th graders after MML passage was associated with ~33% of the decrease in use. When adolescents were stratified by perceived harmfulness, use in 8th graders decreased to a greater extent among those who perceived marijuana as harmful.ConclusionsWhile perceived harmfulness of marijuana use appears to be decreasing nationally among adolescents in the United States, the passage of medical marijuana laws (MML) is associated with increases in perceived harmfulness among young adolescents and marijuana use has decreased among those who perceive marijuana to be harmful after passage of MML.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134418/1/add13523_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134418/2/add13523.pd

Trends in Recall and Appraisal of Anti-Smoking Advertising Among American Youth: National Survey Results, 1997–2001

Public health efforts to reduce the harms related to tobacco use currently include a significant emphasis on anti-smoking media campaigns. This paper provides (a) data on the overall extent of exposure to anti-smoking media among American youth from 1997 to 2001, (b) an appraisal of general youth reactions to such advertising, and (c) an examination of how exposure levels and reactions vary by socio-demographic characteristics. Data were obtained from the Monitoring the Future study, an ongoing nationwide study of youth. Data were collected each year from nationally representative separate and nonoverlapping school samples of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students ( N = 29,724; 24,639; and 12,138, respectively). Self-reported levels of recalled exposure to both electronic and print anti-smoking advertising were measured, as well as the judged impact and perceived exaggeration of such advertising. Data indicate that significant increases in overall exposure to anti-smoking advertising occurred over the study time period. These increases were associated with (a) increases in the self-reported likelihood that anti-smoking advertising diminished the probability of individual smoking behaviors, and (b) increases in the perceived level to which anti-smoking advertising exaggerates the risks associated with smoking. Further, these trends were significantly associated with various characteristics—most notably, ethnicity, smoking behaviors, and residence in a state with an ongoing tobacco-control program having a media component.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45502/1/11121_2005_Article_NY00001249.pd

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This is an electronic version of an article published in Addiction: Complete citation information for the final version of the paper, as published in the print edition of Addiction, is available on the Blackwell Synergy online delivery service, accessible via the journal’s Web site a