Etude du stockage d'hydrogène par adsorption dans des carbones nanostructurés

PARIS-MINES ParisTech (751062310) / SudocNANTES-ENS Mines (441092314) / SudocSudocFranceF

New Forms of nanostructured carbon materials for hydrogen storage

International audienc

Development of a volumetric method - experimental test bench for hydrogen storage characterization.

International audienc

Anisotropic high-surface-area carbon aerogels

International audienceThe subject of this paper is the investigation of the multiscale structure of a new series of carbon aerogels. These carbon aerogels are obtained by resorcinol resorcinol-formaldehyde sol-gel reactions in acetone in a single-step base catalysis (AB) or a double-step base-acid catalysis (ABA) followed by supercritical drying and pyrolysis at 1050 °C under nitrogen flow. Two complementary techniques were used: small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) and nitrogen adsorption. Carbon aerogels AB and ABA are distinguished by a high surface area (>600m2 g-1) and by multiscale structural features that are very different from those of carbon aerogels resulting from gels prepared under the same conditions but in an aqueous solution (WB). The anisotropy observed at the mesoscale for aerogels obtained in acetone is attributed to strain occurring in the extreme operating conditions near the critical gelation concentration limit. The SAXS measurements on AB carbon aerogel reveal the presence of a high surface area with the main pore size contribution being at the nanoscale, resulting from micropores not accessible to nitrogen at -196°C. By combining SAXS and WAXS measurements, it is suggested that all carbon aerogels display structural narrow micropores. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Development of a 17-Plex of Penta- and Tetra-Nucleotide Microsatellites for DNA Profiling and Paternity Testing in Horses

Tetranucleotide and pentanucleotide short tandem repeat (hereafter termed tetraSTR and pentaSTR) polymorphisms have properties that make them desirable for DNA profiling and paternity testing. However, certain species, such as the horse, have far fewer tetraSTRs than other species and for this reason dinucleotide STRs (diSTRs) have become the standard for DNA profiling in horses, despite being less desirable for technical reasons. During our testing of a series of candidate genes as potentially underlying a heritable condition characterized by megaesophagus in the Friesian horse breed, we found that good tetraSTRs do exist in horses but, as expected, at a much lower frequency than in other species, e.g., dogs and humans. Using a series of efficient methods developed in our laboratory for the production of multiplexed tetraSTRs in other species, we identified a set of tetra- and pentaSTRs that we developed into a 17-plex panel for the horse, plus a sex-identifying marker near the amelogenin gene. These markers were tested in 128 horses representing 16 breeds as well as crossbred horses, and we found that these markers have useful genetic variability. Average observed heterozygosities (Ho) ranged from 0.53 to 0.89 for the individual markers (0.66 average Ho for all markers), and 0.62-0.82 for expected heterozygosity (He) within breeds (0.72 average He for all markers). The probability of identity (PI) within breeds for which 10 or more samples were available was at least 1.1 x 10−11, and the PI among siblings (PIsib) was 1.5 x 10−5. Stutter was ≤ 11% (average stutter for all markers combined was 6.9%) compared to the more than 30% typically seen with diSTRs. We predict that it will be possible to develop accurate allelic ladders for this multiplex panel that will make cross-laboratory comparisons easier and will also improve DNA profiling accuracy. Although we were only able to exclude candidate genes for Friesian horse megaesophagus with no unexcluded genes that are possibly causative at this point in time, the study helped us to refine the methods used to develop better tetraSTR multiplexed panels for species such as the horse that have a low frequency of tetraSTRs

Converting the legend of the soil map of Belgium into the World Reference Base for soil resources: (i) Lessons from correlating national soil survey data to an international soil classification system

status: publishe

Converting the legend of the soil map of Belgium into the World Reference Base for soil resources: (ii) strength and constraints of using WRB as a map legend

status: publishe

The immunomodulating activity of trimodulin (polyvalent IgM, IgA, IgG solution): a post hoc analysis of the phase II CIGMA trial

Background: The phase II CIGMA trial performed in 160 patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) found treatment with trimodulin (human polyvalent immunoglobulin [Ig]: ~ 23% IgM, ~ 21% IgA, ~ 56% IgG) was associated with a lower mortality in those patients with elevated baseline serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or subnormal IgM. Methods: In this post hoc analysis, the pharmacodynamic effects of trimodulin treatment (182.6 mg/kg/day for 5 days) were investigated on Ig replenishment, cellular markers of inflammation (absolute neutrophil [ANC] and lymphocyte [ALC] count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR]), and soluble markers of inflammation (procalcitonin [PCT] and CRP). The impact of these pharmacodynamic effects on mortality was also evaluated. Results: Compared with healthy subjects, baseline serum levels of IgM, IgG, and ALC were significantly lower, and ANC, NLR, PCT and CRP significantly higher in sCAP patients (p < 0.0001). Low Ig concentrations increased with trimodulin. Normalization of ANC (analysis of variance [ANOVA] p = 0.016) and PCT (ANOVA p = 0.027) was more rapid with trimodulin compared with placebo. These and other effects were more evident in patients with low baseline IgM levels. Normalization of PCT and CRP levels was both steadier and faster with trimodulin treatment. In patients with low baseline ALC, trimodulin was associated with a lower 28-day all-cause mortality rate (14.5% vs 32.1% in placebo, p = 0.043) and more ventilator-free days ([VFD]; median VFD: 3.5 vs 11 in placebo, p = 0.043). These numerical differences were greater if baseline IgM was also low (low ALC, low IgM: 8.1% mortality vs 34.1% placebo, p = 0.006; 3 VFD vs 15 VFD, p = 0.009, respectively). Results were consistent in patients with high baseline CRP (low ALC, high CRP: 10.9% mortality vs 34.1% placebo, p = 0.011). Conclusions: This post hoc pharmacodynamic analysis of a blinded phase II trial suggests that trimodulin compensates for, and more rapidly modifies, the dysregulated inflammatory response seen in sCAP patients. Trimodulin was associated with significantly lower mortality and more VFD in subgroups with high CRP and low ALC. This effect was particularly marked in patients who also had low baseline IgM values. These findings require confirmation in prospective trials.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe