Visual Analysis Of Children Books Illustration As a Psychiatric Therapy

One of the most acute urban problems is the emergence of psychiatric problems caused by the acceleration of daily routine. These psychiatric problems not only suffered by adults, but also children. These children generally have a problem called B.L.A.S.T. (Bored, Lonely, Angry-Afraid, Sad, Tired). To overcome this problem, there are a number of ways, including reading. Since 1802, Benjamin Rush, the father of United States psychiatry, recommends reading as part of therapy for patients with mental disorders. This therapy also applies for children by adding more illustrations wihin the books. This study analyzed three illustrated books that read by children in Indonesia from ages 7-13 years. The Illustrations analyzed by Roland Barthes's semiotic approach, to get conclusions regarding how illustration have a positive psychiatric therapy impact on children. The finding and results based on semiotic approach that, books mentioned above have the potential to overcome of B.L.A.S.T. because it contains two functions, education and entertainment. This assumption supported by theoritical view of psychologist Jean Piaget, things that educate and entertain are two important elements as a therapy for many kinds of psychiatric problems. Keywords: Children, Illustration, Psychology,Semiotics, B.L.A.S.

Statistical approach for detection of vehicle in heavy traffic

In this thesis an innovative system for detecting and extracting vehicles in traffic surveillance scenes is presented .The main concept behind vehicle detection in a live video is extract the foreground and remove the background from it .This theory is called background subtraction .This method can be implemented in various ways such as setting a particular threshold value and removing the objects having value less than it .The second approach is to compare the current frame with the previous frame and if the variance is more than a certain value it detects the motion of that object .Third and the most efficient method is to use a statistical method where a certain number of video frames are used to initialize a fixed number of Gaussian modes in the mixture model. While in the first method only white cars are being detected this disadvantage is solved when we use a statistical method where a particular vehicle is detected using a foreground detection technique on a frame .Here the input video file is read in AVI format .After that morphological operations are done on it and the bounding box is calculated .Finally the moving object is presented with a rectangle drawn around it and total number of vehicles in the current frame is calculated .This process is repeated for each frame till the whole video is processed .Since this method uses a training set and not a general threshold selected manually by the user the foreground extracted is more desirable than other method and besides it requires much less memory than the method where the background subtraction is done by comparing the frame with the previous one .And last but not the least it gives a general idea about the vehicle frequency in the video which can be very helpful in traffic monitoring

Grand Challenges of Traceability: The Next Ten Years

In 2007, the software and systems traceability community met at the first Natural Bridge symposium on the Grand Challenges of Traceability to establish and address research goals for achieving effective, trustworthy, and ubiquitous traceability. Ten years later, in 2017, the community came together to evaluate a decade of progress towards achieving these goals. These proceedings document some of that progress. They include a series of short position papers, representing current work in the community organized across four process axes of traceability practice. The sessions covered topics from Trace Strategizing, Trace Link Creation and Evolution, Trace Link Usage, real-world applications of Traceability, and Traceability Datasets and benchmarks. Two breakout groups focused on the importance of creating and sharing traceability datasets within the research community, and discussed challenges related to the adoption of tracing techniques in industrial practice. Members of the research community are engaged in many active, ongoing, and impactful research projects. Our hope is that ten years from now we will be able to look back at a productive decade of research and claim that we have achieved the overarching Grand Challenge of Traceability, which seeks for traceability to be always present, built into the engineering process, and for it to have "effectively disappeared without a trace". We hope that others will see the potential that traceability has for empowering software and systems engineers to develop higher-quality products at increasing levels of complexity and scale, and that they will join the active community of Software and Systems traceability researchers as we move forward into the next decade of research

Penguatan Eksistensi Kelembagaan Komnas HAM dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia

: National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) as a national human rights institutions in Indonesia is an independent agency whose function is to provide protection and enforcement of human rights. Institutional existence of Komnas HAM still has some weaknesses that have not been effective in carrying out its duties and functions. Hence the need for institutional strengthening of Komnas HAM in the state system of Indonesia

Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional untuk Bebas dari Penyiksaan di Indonesia

Upaya mencegah dan menghapus praktik penyiksaan di Indonesia bukanlah persoalan yang mudah. Meski sudah meratifikasi Konvensi Menentang Penyiksaan dan mengakui hak untuk bebas dari penyiksaan sebagai HAM dan hak konstitusional, namun praktik penyiksaan di Indonesia masih juga berlangsung secara massif. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, pertama, faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan praktik penyiksaan masih terjadi di Indonesia? Kedua, upaya apa yang harus dilakukan untuk mencegah dan menghapus praktik penyiksaan dalam memperkuat perlindungan HAM dan hak konstitusional untuk bebas dari penyiksaan di Indonesia? Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah pendekatan Perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa, pertama, sejumlah faktor yang menyebabkan masih terjadinya praktik penyiksaan di Indonesia: (1) tidak adanya aturan hukum yang tegas dan memberikan sanksi yang berat kepada pelaku penyiksaan; (2) terinstitusionalisasinya praktik kekerasan dan penyiksaan di jajaran penegak hukum serta permisifnya masyarakat terhadap praktik tersebut; (3) mekanisme perlindungan dan pemberian kompensasi terhadap korban penyiksaan masih belum memadai. Kedua, perbaikan yang harus dilakukan mencakup: (1) adanya komitmen yang kuat dari pemerintah dengan membuat kebijakan penghapusan tindakan penyiksaan, seperti membuat Undang-Undang khusus menentang penyiksaan; (2) penataan institusi Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, TNI, Lembaga Pemasyarakatan serta lembaga-lembaga lainnya dengan meningkatkan pengawasan, memberikan sanksi yang tegas dan dilakukannya proses hukum jika masih terdapat praktik penyiksaan yang dilakukan. Selain itu perlu diberikan pendidikan HAM bagi personil institusi-institusi tersebut; (3) meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat agar memiliki kesadaran untuk melawan setiap praktik kekerasan dan penyiksaan; (4) mengoptimalkan peranan lembaga seperti Komnas HAM dan LPSK untuk memberikan perlindungan dan pendampingan terhadap korban. (5) harus adanya pemenuhan terhadap hak-hak korban yang menjadi korban dari praktik penyiksaan.Efforts to prevent and eliminate the practice of torture in Indonesia are not easy. Although it has ratified the Convention Against Torture and recognizes the right for freedom from torture as human rights and constitutional rights, the practice of torture in Indonesia is still massive. The problem is, what factors cause the practice of torture to still occur in Indonesia? Then what efforts should be made to prevent and eliminate the practice of torture in strengthening human rights protection and constitutional rights for freedom from torture in Indonesia? The approach used in this study is the statute approach, case approach and conceptual approach. The results of the study show a number of factors that leads to the practice of torture in Indonesia: (1) the absence of strict legal rules and severe sanctions for perpetrators of torture; (2) institutionalization of the practice of violence and torture in the ranks of law enforcement as well as the permissiveness of the community towards the practice; (3) the mechanism for protecting and providing compensation to victims of torture is still inadequate. The improvements that must be made include: (1) a strong commitment from the government by making a policy of abolishing acts of torture, such as making a special law against torture; (2) structuring of the Police, Prosecutor\u27s Office, TNI, Correctional Institutions and other institutions by increasing supervision, providing strict sanctions and carrying out legal proceedings if there are still practices of torture carried out. In addition, it needs education of human rights for personnel of these institutions; (3) increasing community participation in order to have awareness to fight every practice of violence and torture; (4) optimizing the role of institutions such as Komnas HAM and LPSK to provide protection and assistance to victims. (5) there must be rights fulfillment to the victims who become the victims of the practice of torture

Slow pyrolysis of agro-food waste to produce biochar and activated carbon for adsorption of pollutants from model wastewater

The increasing human population has induced more demand for food, and to cope with that demand agricultural production has been increased. The wastes generated from such activities resulted in environmental pollution and emanated the deterioration of the climate. Therefore, effective management and utilization of different kinds of wastes are crucial to mitigate greenhouse gas generation challenges upon natural decomposition and waste accumulation. Conversion of biogenic wastes to biofuels and bioproducts can address the energy crisis and play a role in environmental remediation. In this study, the first phase of work was focused on exploring the characteristics of food waste ( mixture of onion peel, carrot peel, bell pepper stalks, potato peel, celery head and leaves, watermelon shell, orange peel, pumpkin seeds and pistachio shells) and agricultural crop residues (e.g., canola hull and oar hull) to determine their candidacy for slow pyrolysis to produce biochar, bio-oil, and gaseous products. Process parameters of slow pyrolysis such as temperature, reaction time and heating rate were investigated for food waste to obtain maximum biochar yields. Furthermore, the obtained favourable conditions were utilized for the slow pyrolysis of individual food wastes and agricultural residues, and their detailed characterization was performed. Maximum biochar yields of 28.4, 28.8, and 29.1 wt. % were recorded for food waste, canola hull and oat hull, respectively, at favourable temperature, heating rate and reaction time of 600 °C, 5 °C/min and 60 min, respectively. In the second phase of this study, the biochar derived from food waste and agricultural residue at favorable conditions was used as the precursor for activation study to produce high-quality activated carbon. Steam-led physical activation and KOH-led chemical activation of biochar were conducted, and process parameters such as temperature (700-900 °C) and activation time (60-120 min) were investigated using Taguchi L18 (21 X 32) method. BET surface area and product yield were determined for each activated carbon product. The highest BET surface area of 1760 m2/g (food waste), 1718 m2/g (canola hull), 1334 m2/g (oat hull) with yields of 48.8, 48.6 and 51.3 wt.%, respectively, were obtained at favourable conditions for KOH led activation. Furthermore, the performance test for the biochar and activated carbon were substantiated through the dye adsorption study using model wastewater