Epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in Jaciara, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2003 to 2012

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi in the Americas. In Brazil, it is transmitted by sandflies of the species Lutzomyia longipalpis and L. cruzi, and dogs are the main domestic reservoirs. The aim of this study was to analyze data relating to VL transmission in Jaciara, state of Mato Grosso, and discuss vector distribution, domestic reservoirs, and human cases that occurred between 2003 and 2012. The data for analysis were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (human), the State Health Department's Environmental Monitoring Agency (canine data) and the State Health Department's Entomology Laboratory (sandfly data). Over this period, Jaciara had 19 autochthonous human cases (12 males and seven females), with one death 2,273. Out of the 7,545 dogs tested by enzyme immunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence were positive. The sandflies collected comprised 5,015 individuals belonging to 24 species, with a predominance of L. whitmani followed by L. cruzi. The results showed that the parasite has frequent circulation and that the vector L. cruzi is widely distributed over all months, thus suggesting that transmission may occur at any time of the year

REGIME HÍDRICO E PALHA INFLUENCIAM NA EFICÁCIA DE HERBICIDAS PRÉ-EMERGENTES NO CONTROLE DE CAPIM-AMARGOSO? Controle de capim amargoso através de herbicidas pré-emergentes

The control of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde) is a challenge in soybean culture, and pre-emergent herbicides appear as a management option. The objective of this work was to evaluate the control of sourgrass using pre-emergent herbicides positioned in different water regimes and amounts of straw. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design in a 6 x 3 factorial scheme, in the first factor the water regimes were allocated and in the second the pre-emergent herbicides (diclosulam (29.4 gia ha-1); flumioxazin + imazethapyr (50 + 106 gia ha-1) and diuron + sulfentrazone (420 + 210 gia ha-1)) these factors were isolated for the amounts of corn straw + Brachiaria ruziziensis (0 and 3 t ha-1). When applied directly to the soil and on straw, diclosulam showed the lowest percentages of control in all water regimes with the first rain of 5 mm and the second of 20 mm. Diuron + sulfentrazone and flumioxazin + imazethapyr did not present significant differences in water regimes, adequately controlling the sourgrass. The effectiveness of diclosulam was influenced by drought intervals after application, diuron + sulfentrazone and flumioxazin + imazethapyr showed an efficient control of sourgrass in all treatments.O controle do capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde) é um desafio na cultura da soja, e os herbicidas pré-emergentes surgem como opção de manejo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o controle do capim-amargoso através de herbicidas pré-emergentes posicionados em diferentes regimes hídricos e quantidades de palha. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6 x 3, no primeiro fator alocou-se os regimes hídricos e no segundo os herbicidas pré-emergentes (diclosulam (29,4 g.i.a ha-1); flumioxazin + imazethapyr (50 + 106 g.i.a ha-1) e diuron + sulfentrazone (420 + 210 g.i.a ha-1)) esses fatores foram isolados para as quantidades de palha de milho + Brachiaria ruziziensis (0 e 3 t ha-1). Na aplicação diretamente no solo e sobre palha, o diclosulam apresentou as menores porcentagens de controle em todos os regimes hídricos com primeira chuva de 5 mm e segunda de 20mm. Já diuron + sulfentrazone e flumioxazin + imazethapyr não apresentaram diferenças significativas nos regimes hídricos controlando adequadamente o capim-amargoso. A eficácia do diclosulam sofreu influência dos intervalos de seca após a aplicação, diuron + sulfentrazone e flumioxazin + imazethapyr apresentaram um controle eficiente do capim-amargoso em todos os tratamentos

REGIME HÍDRICO E PALHA INFLUENCIAM NA EFICÁCIA DE HERBICIDAS PRÉ-EMERGENTES NO CONTROLE DE CAPIM-AMARGOSO? Controle de capim amargoso através de herbicidas pré-emergentes

The control of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde) is a challenge in soybean culture, and pre-emergent herbicides appear as a management option. The objective of this work was to evaluate the control of sourgrass using pre-emergent herbicides positioned in different water regimes and amounts of straw. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design in a 6 x 3 factorial scheme, in the first factor the water regimes were allocated and in the second the pre-emergent herbicides (diclosulam (29.4 gia ha-1); flumioxazin + imazethapyr (50 + 106 gia ha-1) and diuron + sulfentrazone (420 + 210 gia ha-1)) these factors were isolated for the amounts of corn straw + Brachiaria ruziziensis (0 and 3 t ha-1). When applied directly to the soil and on straw, diclosulam showed the lowest percentages of control in all water regimes with the first rain of 5 mm and the second of 20 mm. Diuron + sulfentrazone and flumioxazin + imazethapyr did not present significant differences in water regimes, adequately controlling the sourgrass. The effectiveness of diclosulam was influenced by drought intervals after application, diuron + sulfentrazone and flumioxazin + imazethapyr showed an efficient control of sourgrass in all treatments.O controle do capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde) é um desafio na cultura da soja, e os herbicidas pré-emergentes surgem como opção de manejo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o controle do capim-amargoso através de herbicidas pré-emergentes posicionados em diferentes regimes hídricos e quantidades de palha. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6 x 3, no primeiro fator alocou-se os regimes hídricos e no segundo os herbicidas pré-emergentes (diclosulam (29,4 g.i.a ha-1); flumioxazin + imazethapyr (50 + 106 g.i.a ha-1) e diuron + sulfentrazone (420 + 210 g.i.a ha-1)) esses fatores foram isolados para as quantidades de palha de milho + Brachiaria ruziziensis (0 e 3 t ha-1). Na aplicação diretamente no solo e sobre palha, o diclosulam apresentou as menores porcentagens de controle em todos os regimes hídricos com primeira chuva de 5 mm e segunda de 20mm. Já diuron + sulfentrazone e flumioxazin + imazethapyr não apresentaram diferenças significativas nos regimes hídricos controlando adequadamente o capim-amargoso. A eficácia do diclosulam sofreu influência dos intervalos de seca após a aplicação, diuron + sulfentrazone e flumioxazin + imazethapyr apresentaram um controle eficiente do capim-amargoso em todos os tratamentos

Leishmania chagasi in dogs from the city of Jaciara, Mato Grosso, Brazil

ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to identify the Leishmania species in Jaciara dogs; visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in the county of Jaciara. A comparison among the PCR results for the spleen, bone marrow, skin and blood of 101 dogs with VL-reactive serum were evaluated. Spleen tissue showed the highest detection percentage, followed by bone marrow. In 97 (96.04%) dogs, the Leishmania DNA detected was confirmed as L. chagasi, emphasizing the importance of aetiological identifications in sympatric areas with other trypanosomatids