Contribuições do Programa Mais Alfabetização para a formação e profissionalidade docente

This text proposes a reflection on the possible contributions of the More Literacy Program – PMALFA for teacher training and professionalism. We discuss teacher education based on Nóvoa (2017), Gatti (2008), Castro and Amorim (2015) and teaching professionality based on Bourdoncle (1991) and Brzezinski (2008). Our methodology was based on a documental analysis of Ordinance No. 142, of February 22, 2018 and the Operational Manual of the Pedagogical Guidance and Monitoring System, such analysis signaled that the contributions of the Mais Literacy program for teacher training and professionalism support to adapt the PMALFA's goals to the realities of the teaching networks and schools that adhere to the program.O presente texto propõe uma reflexão sobre as possíveis contribuições do programa Mais Alfabetização – PMALFA para a formação e profissionalidade docente. Discutimos a formação docente a partir de Nóvoa (2017), Gatti (2008), Castro e Amorim (2015) e a profissionalidade docente a partir de Bourdoncle (1991) e Brzezinski (2008). Nossa metodologia se deu a partir de análise da Portaria n° 142, de 22 de fevereiro de 2018 e do Manual Operacional do Sistema de Orientação Pedagógica e Monitoramento. A análise sinalizou que as contribuições do programa Mais Alfabetização para a formação e profissionalidade docente apoia-se no movimento das professoras e professores de adaptação das metas do PMALFA às realidades das redes de ensino e das escolas que aderiram ao programa

Resiliência como fator de proteção aos transtornos mentais menores na equipe de enfermagem

OBJECTIVES: To track the presence of minor mental disorders and levels of resilience in nursing professionals who work in emergency services and inpatient units, as well as to verify possible associations between these variables and sociodemographic and professional characteristics. METHODS: Descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study consisted of 203 nursing professionals (nurses, nursing technicians, and nursing assistants), from the country side of São Paulo State. Data collection was performed using a sociodemographic and professional characterization instrument and the Brazilian version of the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the resilience scale. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of minor mental disorders among the participants was 31%, being lower among older professionals and men. The resilience of the professionals was high, with mean values ​​of 136.4 (±20.1) points. Older professionals and those who worked in emergency units had higher resilience scores. Lower resilience scores are associated with a greater possibility of minor mental disorders in this study. CONCLUSION: Resilience can be considered a protective factor against minor mental disorders in nursing professionals. Effective strategies must be taken into account to change this scenario of illness of a significant part of the nursing team.OBJETIVOS: Realizar un seguimiento de la presencia de trastornos mentales menores, evaluar los niveles de resiliencia de los profesionales de enfermería de los servicios de urgencias y unidades de internación y comprobar las posibles asociaciones entre estas variables y el perfil sociodemográfico y profesional. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. Participaron 203 profesionales de enfermería (enfermeros, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería), del interior del estado de São Paulo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante una herramienta de caracterización sociodemográfica y profesional, el Cuestionario de Autoinforme (SRQ-20) y la escala de resiliencia. RESULTADOS: Prevalencia global de trastornos mentales menor al 31%, menor en profesionales mayores y varones. Alta resiliencia, con valores medios de 136,4 (±20,1) puntos. La edad avanzada y el desempeño en las unidades de emergencia obtuvieron puntajes de resiliencia más altos. Los puntajes de resiliencia más bajos se asocian con una mayor posibilidad de trastornos mentales menores en este estudio. CONCLUSIÓN: La resiliencia puede considerarse un factor protector frente a los trastornos mentales menores en los profesionales de enfermería. Se deben tener en cuenta estrategias efectivas para cambiar este escenario de enfermedad de una parte significativa del equipo de enfermería.OBJETIVOS: Rastrear a presença de transtornos mentais menores, avaliar os níveis de resiliência em profissionais de enfermagem de serviços de emergência e unidades de internação e verificar possíveis associações entre essas variáveis e o perfil sociodemográfico e profissional. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, correlacional e transversal. Participaram 203 profissionais de enfermagem (enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem), do interior do estado de São Paulo. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e profissional, o Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), e da escala de resiliência. RESULTADOS: Prevalência global dos transtornos mentais menores de 31%, menor em profissionais de maior idade e do sexo masculino. Resiliência elevada, com valores médios de 136,4 (±20,1) pontos. Maior idade e atuação em unidades de emergência obtiveram escores mais elevados de resiliência. Menores escores de resiliência estiveram associados a maior possibilidade de transtornos mentais menores neste estudo. CONCLUSÕES: Resiliência pode ser considerada fator de proteção contra os transtornos mentais menores em profissionais de enfermagem. Estratégias efetivas devem ser levadas em conta para mudar esse cenário de adoecimento de parte significativa da equipe de enfermagem

Callogénesis in vitro para la inducción de embriogénesis somática y producción de antioxidantes en Eugenia uniflora

Eugenia uniflora is an American tree species with ecological, agronomical and medicinal importance. However, just few studies have focused on the in vitro propagation and production of secondary metabolites. This study investigated the explant sources and culture conditions for the in vitro callogenesis in E. uniflora towards induction of somatic embryogenesis and production of antioxidant compounds. Nodal segments, leaf sections and root segments from in vitro germinated seeds were used as explants and eight different combinations of auxins (2,4-D or NAA) and cytokinins (BAP or TDZ) were tested for the callus induction. The best callogenic response was observed in nodal segments, followed by leaf sections. Root segments presented comparatively poorer callogenic performance. Calli from nodal segments cultivated in MS medium with NAA (10 mM) + TDZ (5 mM) originated putative pro-embryogenic structures, while the culture in liquid medium using MS supplemented with NAA (10 mM) + TDZ (5 mM) revealed significantly higher content of phenols and flavonoids, as well as higher reducing capacity than the tested treatments and the control (fresh leaves). In summary, the calli obtained from nodal segments revealed competence for somatic embryogenesis induction and development as well as the production of secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical potential.Eugenia uniflora es una especie arbórea americana de importancia ecológica, agronómica y medicinal. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han centrado en la propagación y producción in vitro de metabolitos secundarios. Este estudio investigó las fuentes de explantes y las condiciones de cultivo para la callogénesis in vitro en E. uniflora para la inducción de embriogénesis somática y la producción de compuestos antioxidantes. Se utilizaron segmentos nodales, secciones de hojas y segmentos de raíz de semillas germinadas in vitro como explantes y se probaron ocho combinaciones diferentes de auxinas (2,4-D o ANA) y citoquininas (BAP o TDZ) para la formación de callos. La mejor respuesta callogénica se observó en segmentos nodales, seguidos de secciones foliares. Los segmentos de raíz presentaron un rendimiento callogénico comparativamente menor. Los callos de segmentos nodales cultivados en medio de cultivo MS con ANA (10 mM) + TDZ (5 mM) originaron estructuras proembriogénicas putativas, mientras que el cultivo en MS medio líquido con ANA (10 mM) + TDZ (5 mM) reveló un contenido significativamente mayor de fenoles y flavonoides, así como una mayor capacidad reductora que los tratamientos probados y el control (hojas frescas). En resumen, los callos obtenidos de segmentos nodales revelaron competencia para la inducción y el desarrollo de embriogénesis somática, así como para la producción de metabolitos secundarios con potencial farmacéutico

Zika virus exposure affects neuron-glia communication in the hippocampal slices of adult rats

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy was associated with microcephaly in neonates, but clinical and experimental evidence indicate that ZIKV also causes neurological complications in adults. However, the changes in neuron-glial communication, which is essential for brain homeostasis, are still unknown. Here, we report that hippocampal slices from adult rats exposed acutely to ZIKV showed significant cellular alterations regarding to redox homeostasis, inflammatory process, neurotrophic functions and molecular signalling pathways associated with neurons and glial cells. Our findings support the hypothesis that ZIKV is highly neurotropic and its infection readily induces an inflammatory response, characterized by an increased expression and/or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also observed changes in neural parameters, such as adenosine receptor A2a expression, as well as in the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuron-specific enolase, indicating plasticity synaptic impairment/neuronal damage. In addition, ZIKV induced a glial commitment, with alterations in specific and functional parameters such as aquaporin 4 expression, S100B secretion and glutathione synthesis. ZIKV also induced p21 senescence-associated gene expression, indicating that ZIKV may induce early senescence. Taken together, our results indicate that ZIKV-induced neuroinflammation, involving nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathways, affects important aspects of neuron-glia communication. Therefore, although ZIKV infection is transient, long-term consequences might be associated with neurological and/or neurodegenerative diseases

Avaliação gerencial de um hemocentro do norte de Minas Gerais:: relato de experiência

Objetivo: O presente estudo objetiva avaliar a qualidade do gerenciamento do hemocentro regional de Montes Claros/MG. Método: Estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência realizado em um Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do norte de Minas Gerais. Por meio desse buscaram pontuar todas as informações pertinentes relacionadas ao Hemocentro nos dias 14 e 21 de novembro do ano de 2013, com base no Diagnóstico Administrativo/Situacional de Enfermagem e de Saúde. Resultados: A gestão estimula a reflexão acerca do valor do planejamento de acordo com o contexto local de cada setor da saúde para formular e consolidar a transformação e emancipação da práxis da enfermagem, já que o enfermeiro é o principal responsável pela organização do processo de trabalho da sua equipe. Conclusão: Conclui-se que quando a gestão em uma determinada instituição ocorre de maneira eficiente, há o aumento da qualidade e da organização dos serviços de saúde prestados a toda sociedade

Synergetic action of atorvastatin and fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in vitro and in a murine model for intra-abdominal Candidiasis / Ação sinérgica da atorvastatina e fluconazol contra Candida albicans resistente ao fluconazol in vitro e em um modelo murino contra Candidíase intra-abdominal

Introduction: Candida albicans is the most common causative agent of Intra-abdominal Candidiasis (IAC) and it is resistant to most antifungal drugs currently available. Here we investigated atorvastatin in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against a fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strain as a potential repurposed drug. The following tests were carried out: antifungal susceptibility tests to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), determination of time-kill curve, biofilm assays, Candida albicans yeast-hyphae transition inhibition assay, murine model of Intra-abdominal candidiasis, survival curve, fungal load quantification, histopathology analysis, quantification of TNF-α and IL-17 cytokines, quantification of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. In vitro assays showed the synergetic action of atorvastatin and fluconazole against C. albicans growth and biofilm maturation while the time-kill curve assay revealed their fungicidal effect after 24 h of treatment. When yeast-to-hyphae transition was assessed, the synergetic effect of atorvastatin and fluconazole reduced C. albicans filamentation significantly. In vivo tests showed that one of the most noticeable signs of IAC is the intense systemic inflammation. However, our survival curve test showed that despite being ill, animals exhibited little to no clinical signs of systemic inflammation when treatment included a combination of atorvastatin and fluconazole. Altogether, these findings suggest that atorvastatin could be feasibly used in the treatment fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains, showing that drug repurposing is an important strategy when considering the limited number of antifungal drugs available for treatment in addition to financial hardship experienced in research and development of new antifungal drugs.

Avaliação do processo gerencial da equipe de enfermagem em um hospital de ensino:: relato da experiência em uma clínica cirúrgica

Atualmente para vencer os obstáculos da competitividade e da busca pela qualidade, a valorização do capital humano tem sido considerada como condição essencial entre os trabalhadores. Sendo assim, este estudo objetiva avaliar o processo gerencial da equipe de enfermagem em uma clínica cirúrgica de um hospital de ensino do norte de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um relato de experiência acadêmica baseado em um estudo descritivo e observacional realizado durante o internato hospitalar de graduandos em enfermagem no período de março a abril de 2014. Os resultados dos levantamentos realizados e que foram baseados em visitas ao local revelaram vários aspectos relacionados à estrutura organizacional da Clínica Cirúrgica. Esses aspectos referem-se aos pontos fortes e fracos da estrutura e as expectativas e melhorias sugeridas. Da análise institucional e setorial obtidas, os pontos fortes diagnosticados foram: ser um hospital universitário; apresentar projetos sociais, tal como os doutores da alegria; possuir supervisores de estágio; ser referência em doenças infectocontagiosas; apresentar o título de hospital amigo da criança; e possuir comissão de controle de infecção. Quanto aos pontos fracos, tem-se: déficit de saídas de emergência; déficit em hierarquização; insuficiência de leitos para saúde mental; e comunicação ineficaz entre setores. Dessa forma, evidencia-se que as ferramentas sejam cada vez mais impulsionadas no cotidiano de trabalho do enfermeiro, e que este as introduza à liderança e ao cuidado de qualidade

Adenosine A2A receptor as a potential regulator of Mycobacterium leprae survival mechanisms: new insights into leprosy neural damage

BackgroundLeprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which can lead to a disabling neurodegenerative condition. M. leprae preferentially infects skin macrophages and Schwann cells–glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. The infection modifies the host cell lipid metabolism, subverting it in favor of the formation of cholesterol-rich lipid droplets (LD) that are essential for bacterial survival. Although researchers have made progress in understanding leprosy pathogenesis, many aspects of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of host–pathogen interaction still require clarification. The purinergic system utilizes extracellular ATP and adenosine as critical signaling molecules and plays several roles in pathophysiological processes. Furthermore, nucleoside surface receptors such as the adenosine receptor A2AR involved in neuroimmune response, lipid metabolism, and neuron–glia interaction are targets for the treatment of different diseases. Despite the importance of this system, nothing has been described about its role in leprosy, particularly adenosinergic signaling (AdoS) during M. leprae–Schwann cell interaction.MethodsM. leprae was purified from the hind footpad of athymic nu/nu mice. ST88-14 human cells were infected with M. leprae in the presence or absence of specific agonists or antagonists of AdoS. Enzymatic activity assays, fluorescence microscopy, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR analysis were performed. M. leprae viability was investigated by RT-qPCR, and cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsWe demonstrated that M. leprae-infected Schwann cells upregulated CD73 and ADA and downregulated A2AR expression and the phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB (p-CREB). On the other hand, activation of A2AR with its selective agonist, CGS21680, resulted in: 1) reduced lipid droplets accumulation and pro-lipogenic gene expression; 2) reduced production of IL-6 and IL-8; 3) reduced intracellular M. leprae viability; 4) increased levels of p-CREB.ConclusionThese findings suggest the involvement of the AdoS in leprosy neuropathogenesis and support the idea that M. leprae, by downmodulating the expression and activity of A2AR in Schwann cells, decreases A2AR downstream signaling, contributing to the maintenance of LD accumulation and intracellular viability of the bacillus