Hamartoma cístico retro-retal: relato de 2 casos e revisão da literatura

Tumores retro-retais são aqueles localizados no espaço retro-retal, de diferentes origens embriológicas e que podem exercer compressão extrínsica no reto e canal anal. São lesões raras, geralmente assintomáticas e mais comuns em mulheres. O hamartoma cístico (tailgut cyst) é um tipo de tumor retro-retal congênito, formado a partir de remanescentes embrionários do intestino posterior. Este trabalho traz uma revisão sobre os tumores retro-retais, dando ênfase às lesões císticas e relata 02 casos de pacientes com hamartoma cístico retro-retal, tratados no Hospital Geral de Goiânia,com lesões evidentes ao toque retal e exames de imagem mostrando lesões císticas no espaço pré-sacral. Utilizou-se a incisão de Parks na abordagem das lesões, uma delas associada 'a via abdominal. A histopatologia foi compatível com hamartoma cístico. As lesões císticas do espaço retro-retal possuem bom prognóstico e a abordagem cirúrgica dependerá das características da lesão, principalmente sua altura em relação à margem anal e relação com estruturas adjacentes no espaço pré-sacral.<br>Retrorectal tumors are those located in the retrorectal space, derived from germinal layers and may exert extrinsic compression of rectum and anal canal. They are uncommon lesions, usually asymptomatic and more frequent in females than in males. Cystic hamartoma (tailgut cyst) is a congenital retrorectal tumor, derived from embryonic remnants of the posterior gut. The present work makes a review on retrorectal tumors giving emphasis to the cystic lesions and reports two cases of patients suffering from retrorectal cystic hamartoma treated at the Hospital Geral de Goiânia , with evident lesions on rectal examination and imaging showing cystic lesions in the presacral space. The resection of the mass was accomplished by means of a posterior approach (Parks approach) associated with abdominal approach in one of the cases. Mycroscopic section showed cystic hamartoma. Cystic lesions in the retrorectal space usually have a favorable prognosis and the surgical approach will depend on their aspects, main the distance between the lesion itself and the anal verge, and its adherence to surrounding parts in the presacral space

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data