The development and application of a bioassay using lux-marked microorganisms to assess terrestrial ecotoxicity

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Effects of copper and the sea lice treatment Slice® on nutrient release from marine sediments

Copper-based antifoulant paints and the sea lice treatment Slice® are widely used, and often detectable in the sediments beneath farms where they are administered. Ten-day, whole sediment mesocosm experiments were conducted to examine how increasing sediment concentrations of copper or Slice® influenced final water column concentrations of ammonium–nitrogen (NH4–N), nitrate + nitrite–nitrogen (NOX–N) and phosphate–phosphorus (PO4–P) in the presence of the non-target, benthic organisms Corophium volutator and Hediste diversicolor. Nominal sediment concentrations of copper and Slice® had significant effects on the resulting concentrations of almost all nutrients examined. The overall trends in nutrient concentrations at the end of the 10-day incubations were highly similar between the trials with either copper or Slice®, irrespective of the invertebrate species present. This suggests that nutrient exchange from the experimental sediments was primarily influenced by the direct effect of copper/Slice® dose on the sediment microbial community, rather than the indirect effect of reduced bioturbation/irrigation due to increased macrofaunal mortality

Dynamic models of the penetration channel in electron beam welding

22.00; Translated from Russian (Avtom. Svarka 1988 (1) p. 1-6)SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9023.19(VR-Trans--3578)T / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Acute toxicity of some treatments commonly used by the salmonid aquaculture industry to Corophium volutator and Hediste diversicolor: whole sediment bioassay tests

The commercial farming of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, typically requires the periodic application of copper-based anti-foulants and chemotherapeutic treatments, including Slice®, Excis®, Salmosan® and Aquatet®/Tetraplex® to reduce the effects of biological pests. Information on the environmental safety of any chemical agent released into the aquatic environment must be obtained before a product can be licensed for use, but such information typically exists only in confidential technical reports which can be difficult to obtain. Furthermore, different test organisms, experimental protocols and reporting procedures make comparison of the various compounds/studies difficult. Here we present a series of 10-day, whole sediment bioassay tests that determined the concentrations of emamectin benzoate (EB), cypermethrin (CP), azamethiphos (AZ) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC), the active ingredients of the aforementioned chemotherapeutants, and copper, that caused 50% mortality (LC50) in the non-target benthic crustacean, Corophium volutator. Additional whole sediment bioassays of identical design were conducted with the non-target polychaete worm, Hediste diversicolor exposed to copper and EB. C. volutator demonstrated similar sensitivity to EB and AZ, with LC50s of 153 (95% confidence intervals, CI = 119–198) and 182 (95% CI = 152–217) µg active ingredient [kg wet sediment]− 1 respectively. OTC caused 50% mortality of C. volutator at a concentration of 414 (95% CI = 233–734) µg OTC [kg wet sediment]− 1. The LC50 for H. diversicolor exposed to EB was 1368 (95% CI = 744–2516) µg EB [kg wet sediment]− 1, an order of magnitude greater than that for C. volutator. Conversely, C. volutator was able to tolerate much higher concentrations of copper than H. diversicolor, with LC50s of 193,326 (95% CI = 171,034–218,523) and 74,988 (95% CI = 61,192–91,895) µg Cu [kg wet sediment]− 1 respectively. CP was the most toxic to C. volutator of all compounds investigated, causing 50% mortality at a concentration of 5 (95% CI = 4–6) µg CP [kg wet sediment]− 1. These data allow direct inter-comparison of the toxicities of some of the commonly applied treatments used by the global salmonid aquaculture industry