Effects of two seminal fluid transcripts on post‐mating behavior in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano

Weber M, Patlar B, Ramm SA. Effects of two seminal fluid transcripts on post‐mating behavior in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2020;22(5): jeb.13606.The seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) transferred to mating partners along with sperm often play crucial roles in mediating post-mating sexual selection. One way in which sperm donors can maximize their own reproductive success is by modifying the partners' (sperm recipient's) post-copulatory behavior to prevent or delay re-mating, thereby decreasing the likelihood or intensity of sperm competition. Here, we adopted a quantitative genetic approach combining gene expression and behavioral data to identify candidates that could mediate such a response in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano. We identified two putative SFPs - Mlig-pro46 and Mlig-pro63 - linked to both mating frequency and 'suck' frequency, a distinctive behavior, in which, upon ejaculate receipt, the worm places its pharynx over its female genital opening and apparently attempts to remove the received ejaculate. We, therefore, performed a manipulative experiment using RNA interference-induced knockdown to ask how the loss of Mlig-pro46 and Mlig-pro63 expression, singly and in combination, affects mating frequency, partner suck propensity and sperm competitive ability. None of the knock-down treatments impacted strongly on the mating frequency or sperm competitive ability, but knock-down of Mlig-pro63 resulted in a significantly decreased 'suck' propensity of mating partners. This suggests that Mlig-pro63 may normally act as a cue in the ejaculate to trigger recipient suck behavior, and - given that other proteins in the ejaculate have the opposite effect - could be one component of an on-going arms race between donors and recipients over the control of ejaculate fate. However, the adaptive significance of Mlig-pro46 and Mlig-pro63 from a donor perspective remains enigmatic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

The Types of Injury, Regions and Frequency in Athletes Participating Universities Taekwondo Championchip

This study aims to determine the rates of injuries, the types of injuries and what part of the body is mostly injured in professional taekwondo sportsmen during competitions. This study involves 287 sportsmen participated in the interuniversity Taekwando championship in Ordu. Injuries during a match of the championship was determined by a team. The characteristics and types of injuries, the sportsmen’s verbal expressions were registered by a pre-determined team, and it was mentioned about how these injuries occurred, in which part of the body the injuries were seen. Among 287 sportsmen in this study, 178 sportsmen were male, 109 ones were female. 46 universities took part in this championship. The championship lasted three days and total 271 competitions were done. 539 injuries were determined in total. The mostly seen type of injury was hematoma (43%), the mostly injured part was in lower extremities 416 (77%), most of the injuries were ones seen in defense (36%). No injuries were not observed in neck, shoulder, spine or trunk and cerebral injuries were not also observed. As a result of the study, it was explained that most of the injuries seen in the taekwondo competitions did not require the medical intervention and the lower extremities were mostly injured in these competitions. In the light of these findings, it could be said that these parts be protected during the competitions and the defense techniques be different

A Real-Time CNN-Based Lightweight Mobile Masked Face Recognition System

Due to the global spread of the Covid-19 virus and its variants, new needs and problems have emerged during the pandemic that deeply affects our lives. Wearing masks as the most effective measure to prevent the spread and transmission of the virus has brought various security vulnerabilities. Today we are going through times when wearing a mask is part of our lives, thus, it is very important to identify individuals who violate this rule. Besides, this pandemic makes the traditional biometric authentication systems less effective in many cases such as facial security checks, gated community access control, and facial attendance. So far, in the area of masked face recognition, a small number of contributions have been accomplished. It is definitely imperative to enhance the recognition performance of the traditional face recognition methods on masked faces. Existing masked face recognition approaches are mostly performed based on deep learning models that require plenty of samples. Nevertheless, there are not enough image datasets containing a masked face. As such, the main objective of this study is to identify individuals who do not use masks or use them incorrectly and to verify their identity by building a masked face dataset. On this basis, a novel real-time masked detection service and face recognition mobile application was developed based on an ensemble of fine-tuned lightweight deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The proposed model achieves 90.40% validation accuracy using 12 individuals- 1849 face samples. Experiments on the five datasets built in this research demonstrate that the proposed system notably enhances the performance of masked face recognition compared to the other state-of-the-art approaches. 2022 IEEE.Scopus2-s2.0-8513276413

THE ANALYSIS OF THE VIEWPOINT SHAPED BY THE INCLUSION OF NORMALLY DEVELOPING CHILDREN WITH TRAINABLE MENTALLY DISABLED CHILDREN BY THE WAY OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

The purpose of this study is to examine the viewpoint that occurs as a result of the fusion of children with normal development and children with mentally retarded education through recreational activities. Confirmation of the study group to work within the schools of Kocaeli province which accepts to be carried out in the institution of work and regularly goes to the rehabilitation centers and the 12 rehabilitated mental disabilities randomly selected with IQ levels between 45-75, a total of 24 children, including 12 children with healthy and normal IQ levels, which were similar in terms of age characteristics selected randomly from the school giving birth. Details of the general and special nature, content, purpose, method, place, time and duration of working with children's families have been given to children with educable mental retardation and normal development. A total of 8 weeks of recreational activities were conducted for the study group, 2 days a week, 90 minutes a day. A 12-question questionnaire was prepared before and after the work schedule and prepared in such a way that children can be answered by the children created by the researchers. The distributions of the frequency and percentage values of the obtained data were evaluated in the SPSS 21.0 package program. As a result, it is found that children who have normal development after the pre-test do not have enough knowledge about disabled children and that they do not have any common activity before. In the final test after the implementation, normal development of children with mental retardation has been improved both in terms of behavior and outlook

Elit taekwondocularda c vitamini uygulamasının IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 ve IL-6 düzeylerine etkisi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, taekwondo sporu yapan bireylerde C vitamini uygulamasının sitokin salınımı üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulunda okuyan yaş ortalaması; 20.67±0.24 yıl, vücut ağırlığı ortalaması; 65.45±1.69 kg olan 10 adet erkek elit taekwondocu üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Deneklere 4 hafta süreyle günde oral olarak 300 mg C vitamini tablet şeklinde verildi ve 4 haftalık vitamin ilavesi öncesi ve sonrası olmak üzere iki kez yorgunluk oluşuncaya kadar tükenme egzersizi yaptırıldı. Dört hafta süren uygulama öncesinde ve sonrasında deneklerden istirahat ve yorgunluk olmak üzere 4 kez kan örnekleri alındı. Alınan kan örneklerinde serumda interferon gama IFN-γ , tümör nekrosiz faktör-alfa TNF-α , interlökin-2 IL-2 ve interlökin-6 IL-6 düzeyleri ELISA test kitleri kullanılarak tayin edildi. Bulgular: IFN-γ, TNF-α ve IL-2 düzeyleri hem uygulama öncesi hem de sonrası anlamlı bir farklılık göstermedi p>0.05 . Uygulamadan önceki egzersiz periyodunda serum IL-6 düzeylerinde dinlenme periyoduna göre anlamlı artış vardı

An investigation on secondary school mathematics teachers' content knowledge: A sample of create research questions

Yüksek Lisans TeziBu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin 'veri toplamayı gerektiren araştırma sorusu oluşturma' kazanımıyla ilgili konu alan bilgilerinin nasıl olduğunu belirlemektir. Araştırma, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında Ankara ilinde devlet ve özel ortaokullarında görev yapan, hizmet süresi 5 yıldan fazla olan 15 öğretmen, hizmet süresi 5 ve 5 yıldan az olan 15 öğretmen olmak üzere toplam 30 bayan ortaokul matematik öğretmeni ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması deseni benimsenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen anket formu uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın geçerliği ve güvenirliği için uygulama öncesinde uzman görüşü alınmış ve pilot uygulama yapılmıştır. Verilerin yorumlanması betimsel analiz ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğretmenlerin araştırma sorusu oluşturma kriterleri hakkında çok yeterli olmadıkları, çoğunluğunun araştırma sorusu oluşturabildikleri, büyük çoğunluğunun verilen sorunun araştırma sorusu olup olmadığı hakkında bilgi sahibi oldukları ancak yeterli gerekçe sunamadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre meslekte belli bir tecrübeye sahip olan öğretmenlerin araştırma sorusu oluşturma hakkındaki bilgileri mesleki deneyimleri az olan öğretmenlere nispeten daha yeterli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.The aim of this study is to determine how the secondary school mathematics teachers' content knowledge about the acquisition of preparing research question that requires data collection is. Research was carried out with a total of 30 female secondary school mathematics teachers (15 of with more than 5 years of service, 15 of with 5 years and less than 5 years of service) from both state and private secondary schools in Ankara in 2018-2019 academic year. In the research case study design of qualitative research designs was adopted. A questionnaire form developed by the researcher was used as a data collection tool. For the validity and reliability of the study, expert opinion was taken before the application and than pilot application was performed. The interpretation of the data was carried out by descriptive analysis. At the and of the study, it was found that teachers were not very sufficient about the criteria for forming a research question, that the majority of them could form a research question, that the majority of them had knowledge about whether the given question was a research question but they could not show sufficient reason. According to the results of the study, it was found that the teachers who have a certain experience in the profession are more competent than the teachers who have less professional experience about forming research question

Evolutionary quantitative genetics of seminal fluid

Patlar B. Evolutionary quantitative genetics of seminal fluid. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2018