High-Yield Imaging Review of Pulmonary Infections

Imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections with the chest radiograph as the initial study of choice. Computed tomography can further delineate the extent of disease and present key imaging signs that, along with clinical history and laboratory data, can properly guide the differential diagnosis. In this article, we review and illustrate the most relevant computed tomography imaging manifestations of common and less common pulmonary infections, including a section devoted to pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed patients

The effect of a training webinar on decreasing inter-observer variability in making a radiologic diagnosis of bronchiectasis

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a clinically important disease with an estimated 340,000-522,000 persons living with the disease and 70,000 being diagnosed annually. The radiographic diagnosis remains a pivotal part of recognizing the disease due to its protean clinical manifestations. As physicians are sensitized to this disease, a greater proportion of patients are being diagnosed with mild to moderate bronchiectasis. Despite the established use of CT chest as the main tool for making a radiologic diagnosis of bronchiectasis, the literature supporting the process of making that diagnosis is somewhat sparse. Concurrently, there has been an increased trend to have Web-based radiologic tutorials due to its convenience, the ability of the learner to set the pace of learning and the reduced cost compared to in-person learning. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this trend. We wanted to look carefully at the effect of a Web-based training session on interrater reliability. Agreement was calculated as percentages and kappa and prevalence adjusted kappa calculated. We found that a single Web-based training session had little effect on the variability and accuracy of diagnosis of bronchiectasis. Larger studies are needed in this area with multiple training sessions. Keywords: Bronchiectasis; CT chest; Interpretation; Interrater reliability; Web-based training

Syringomatous adenoma of the nipple with microcalcifications on mammography: A case report

Syringomatous adenoma of the nipple (SAN) is a rare benign lesion which often presents as a subareolar mass with associated nipple shape changes including pruritus, crusting, and discharge It is thought that syringomatous tumors arise from eccrine glands of the nipple and areola. Due to its locally infiltrative growth pattern the main differential is with low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma which requires more aggressive surgical treatment. Syringomatous adenoma of the nipple can recur, and therefore complete local excision is recommended. We present a case of a syringomatous adenoma of the nipple diagnosed after nearly 5 years of observation with microcalcifications noted on mammography. Keywords: mammography; microcalcifications; syringomatous adenoma of the nipple

Infections of the Male and Female Reproductive System: Spectrum of Imaging Findings

Infections of the male and female reproductive system can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This article will review the relevant embryology and anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems and will discuss the imaging findings of different infections. An understanding of the clinical presentation and imaging findings of infections of the reproductive system is critical in order to allow for prompt and accurate diagnosis. A delay in diagnosis for these infections can have significant morbidity, and occasional mortality

Review of Imaging Findings in Urinary Tract Infections

Acute urinary tract infection diagnosis is primarily performed on clinical grounds. Diagnostic imaging is, however, often necessary as part of the workup for poor response to treatment, to evaluate causative or contributory factors, complicated infections and chronic presentations. Appropriate knowledge of the most relevant radiological findings in urinary tract infections provides pertinent differential diagnosis and guides clinical management, including emergent and aggressive interventions. In this article we review ultrasound and CT imaging findings of acute and chronic urinary tract infections