Petiolar anatomy of some hitherto unstudied Acanthaceae

Anatomy of petioles of 20 species belonging to 12 genera of the family Acanthaceae is investigated.The observations pertain to outline of petiole in T. S., the cell wall contours of epidermis, hypodermis, conjunctive tissue, besides the vascular tissue and cell inclusions, if any. The vascular tissue is generally resolved in an central arc and few vascular bundles. The various anatomical features differ taxon to taxon and hence found useful for their identification.&nbsp

Nodal anatomical study in some Rubiaceae

Anatomies of the nodes belonging to 20 species 11 genera of the family Rubiaceae are investigated. Of these, 16 species exhibited trilacunar, three-traced supply to the leaves. In case of Canthium coromandelicum, Gardenia latifolia, G. longistyla, the nodes show five-lacunar, five-traced supply. In Luculia gratissiuma, they are unilacunar, one-traced. Variation in emergence of median and lateral traces however, is observed. It is the median trace that departs first in 15 species; whereas in the rest others lateral traces emerge earlier, except Luculia gratissima wherein the node being unilacunar, one-traced only. The stipule usually receives vascular supply from the lateral traces. However in Luculia gratissima, it is the solitary trace that bears vascular supply to them. The present authors are inclined to regard the unilacunar, one-traced supply basic for the family Rubiaceae, whereas others are thought later attainments.    &nbsp

Investigations on foliar epidermis in some Rubiaceae

The paper reports foliar epidermal features of 20 unstudied species belonging 12 genera of the family Rubiaceae. The foliar stomates although paracytic generally in the taxa investigated, other types are also noticed rarely or occasionally on the same surface. The other epidermal features such as stomatal index (S.I) and frequency (S.F), stomatal abnormalities, cell wall contours, cell inclusions, etc. have been described in detail. Significance of various epidermal features in taxonomy of the taxa investigated is discussed.Â

Skewed Evolving Data Streams Classification with Actionable Knowledge Extraction using Data Approximation and Adaptive Classification Framework

Skewed evolving data stream (SEDS) classification is a challenging research problem for online streaming data applications. The fundamental challenges in streaming data classification are class imbalance and concept drift. However, recently, either independently or together, the two topics have received enough attention; the data redundancy while performing stream data mining and classification remains unexplored. Moreover, the existing solutions for the classification of SEDSs have focused on solving concept drift and/or class imbalance problems using the sliding window mechanism, which leads to higher computational complexity and data redundancy problems. To end this, we propose a novel Adaptive Data Stream Classification (ADSC) framework for solving the concept drift, class imbalance, and data redundancy problems with higher computational and classification efficiency. Data approximation, adaptive clustering, classification, and actionable knowledge extraction are the major phases of ADSC. For the purpose of approximating unique items in the data stream with data pre-processing during the data approximation phase, we develop the Flajolet Martin (FM) algorithm. The periodically approximated tuples are grouped into distinct classes using an adaptive clustering algorithm to address the problem of concept drift and class imbalance. In the classification phase, the supervised classifiers are employed to classify the unknown incoming data streams into either of the classes discovered by the adaptive clustering algorithm. We then extract the actionable knowledge using classified skewed evolved data stream information for the end user decision-making process. The ADSC framework is empirically assessed utilizing two streaming datasets regarding classification and computing efficiency factors. The experimental results shows the better efficiency of the proposed ADSC framework as compared with existing classification methods

Ethnomedicine to Modern Medicine: Genesis through Ages

Ethnomedicine or natural products have encouraged several developments in drug discovery. There are many historical annals in which ethnomedicine helped to divulge navel aspects of drug isolation. Studies in ethnomedicine are the pioneer natural attempts to combat human afflictions. Their history itself witnesses how they paved their way to classic medicine. The present paper brought these all phases of medicine beginning with the ancient human knowledge to modern times. The necessity and challenges faced during drug discovery especially from ethnomedicinal plants is briefly discussed. Today, we need to have new innovative approaches for drug discovery. These are highlighted with particular emphasis on ethnomedicine

Optimization of Economiser Design for the Enhancement of Heat Transfer Coefficient

Energy saving and efficiency are the key issues in power generation system not only from the view point of fuel consumption, but also for the protection of global environment. Flue gas ducts are the major parts of oil-fired power plant, which are used to exhaust flue gases from boiler. This paper presents an approach for the optimization of economiser design. The aim of this work is to develop methodology which finds optimization of economiser design. CFD analysis is used to compare the new economiser design with traditional strategies. The most economical solution of this problem seems to distribute gas flow uniformly at inlet of economiser by using vanes. So that effective heat transfer can be obtained to reduce the number of tubes of existing model. In the present work commercial software Fluent is used for the 3D simulation using its inbuilt K- Reliable model. Optimization of economiser is done for effective heat transfer with reducing number of tubes required

Identification of Identical Twins using Face Recognition with Results

Face recognition is a process used to identify or verify the person based on digital image from unique face of humans. Face recognition is based on individual and unique person identification. This process fully based on comparing the image with other person image for identification. Face Recognition is typically used in security systems and can be compared with other biometrics such as fingerprint or iris recognition systems. Here, the major problem is to identify twins. To overcome this problem we can use different facial recognition algorithms. The facial recognition algorithms should be able to identify the similar-looking individuals or identical Twins with accurate classification. In the proposed system, image of a person is given as a input then different features of image were extracted by using the Gabor and LBP algorithms. Extracted Features of both the images are compared and then classified using multi-SVM classifier. Based on classification method, the persons were identified to be identical twins or they were identified to be same person or not twins. After Identification, Performance of the process is measured

Encapsulation of water insoluble drugs in mesoporous silica nanoparticles using supercritical carbon dioxide

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles MCM – 41 were synthesized with two dimensional hexagonal p6mm symmetry, high specific surface area(~ 980m2/g) narrow pore size and an average particle size of 186 nm. The produced nanoparticles were used to encapsulate carbamazepine through a supercritical carbon dioxide process combined with various organic solvents. Supercritical processing was found to provide increased drug encapsulation. The loaded MCM - 41 nanoparticles were analyzed using X–ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate the crystalline state of the encapsulated carbamazepine and it was found to be dependent on the nature of the organic solvent. Carbamazepine showed increased dissolution rates under sink conditions. Viability studies of Caco – 2 cells demonstrated negligible cytotoxicity for the MCM–41 nanoparticles

Direct to consumer advertising via the Internet, a study of hip resurfacing

With increased use of the internet for health information and direct to consumer advertising from medical companies, there is a concern about the quality of the information available for patients. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of health information on the internet for hip resurfacing. An assessment tool was designed to measure quality of information. Websites were measured on credibility of source; usability; currentness of the information; content relevance; content accuracy/completeness and disclosure/bias. Each website assessed was given a total score, based on number of scores achieved from the above categories websites were further analysed on author, geographical origin and possession of an independent credibility check. There was positive correlation between the overall score for the website and the score of each website in each assessment category. Websites by implant companies, doctors and hospitals scored poorly. Websites with an independent credibility check such as Health on the Net (HoN) scored twice the total scores of websites without. Like other internet health websites, the quality of information on hip resurfacing websites is variable. This study highlights methods by which to assess the quality of health information on the internet and advocates that patients should look for a statement of an "independent credibility check" when searching for information on hip resurfacing

A uracil nitroso amine based colorimetric sensor for the detection of Cu²⁺ ions from aqueous environment and its practical applications

A simple uracil nitroso amine based colorimetric chemosensor (UNA-1) has been synthesized and screened for its cation recognition ability. Sensor UNA-1 exhibited a high sensitivity and selectivity towards Cu²⁺ ions in aqueous medium in the presence of a wide range of other competing cations (Ag⁺, Al³⁺, Ba²⁺+, Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cs⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Li⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Na⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Sr²⁺). With Cu²⁺, the sensor UNA-1 gave a distinct color change from colorless to dark yellow by forming a complex of 1:1 stoichiometry. Furthermore, sensor UNA-1 was successfully utilized in the preparation of test strips and supported silica for the detection of Cu²⁺ ions from aqueous environment