Applications of Surfactants and Nanoparticles in Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes

The surfactant injection is considered as the EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) with the highest potential to recover oil from reservoirs due to its ability to reduce interfacial forces into the porous medium. However, the adsorption of this type of chemical on the surface of rocks is the main problem when a surfactant injection project is applied since the surfactant molecules would rather be placed on rock minerals instead of being the oil–water interface. Based on this fact, this chapter would be discussed the significance of surfactant injection as an EOR method, the types of surfactants used, the main mechanism and parameters involved in the surfactant adsorption on the rock, and its consequences in oil recovery. Likewise, the addition of nanoparticles to inhibit the adsorption of surfactants is another topic that will be covered as a novel technology to improve the efficiency of the EOR process

Numerical modelling for analysing drainage in irregular profile pipes using OpenFOAM

[EN] Different methods of two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical resolution models have been used to predict the air¿water interaction in pipe systems in the early twenty-first century, where reliable and adequate results have been obtained when compared with experimental results. However, the study of the drainage process in pressurized systems with air admitted through openings has not been studied using this type of model due to the complexity that this represents. In this research, a two-dimensional numerical model is developed in the open-source software OpenFOAM; this model represents the drainage of an irregular pipe with air admitted by an air valve, defined by a structured mesh. A validation of the numerical model related to the air admitted by the variation of the air valve diameter is also performed.Paternina-Verona, DA.; Coronado-Hernández, OE.; Fuertes-Miquel, VS. (2022). Numerical modelling for analysing drainage in irregular profile pipes using OpenFOAM. Urban Water Journal. 19(6):569-578. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2022.205092956957819

Numerical modelling for analysing drainage in irregular profile pipes using OpenFOAM

Different methods of two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical resolution models have been used to predict the air–water interaction in pipe systems in the early twenty-first century, where reliable and adequate results have been obtained when compared with experimental results. However, the study of the drainage process in pressurized systems with air admitted through openings has not been studied using this type of model due to the complexity that this represents. In this research, a two-dimensional numerical model is developed in the open-source software OpenFOAM; this model represents the drainage of an irregular pipe with air admitted by an air valve, defined by a structured mesh. A validation of the numerical model related to the air admitted by the variation of the air valve diameter is also performed. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Traveling with an invader: ectoparasitic mites of Hemidactylus frenatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Colombia

Information about natural history of invasive species (such as parasitism) is a relevant issue in order to consider potential threats to native fauna. In this work we report two pterygosomatid mites for the first time in Colombia, Geckobia bataviensis and G. keegani, parasites of the invasive house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus. Although it has not been demonstrated that these mites may infest native gecko lizards, our study highlights the need to explore the prevalence of internal and external parasites in native and invasive geckos, to better evaluate the potential impact of invasive Hemidactylus lizards in Colombia.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Traveling with an invader: ectoparasitic mites of Hemidactylus frenatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Colombia

Information about natural history of invasive species (such as parasitism) is a relevant issue in order to consider potential threats to native fauna. In this work we report two pterygosomatid mites for the first time in Colombia, Geckobia bataviensis and G. keegani, parasites of the invasive house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus. Although it has not been demonstrated that these mites may infest native gecko lizards, our study highlights the need to explore the prevalence of internal and external parasites in native and invasive geckos, to better evaluate the potential impact of invasive Hemidactylus lizards in Colombia.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Traveling with an invader: ectoparasitic mites of Hemidactylus frenatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Colombia

Information about natural history of invasive species (such as parasitism) is a relevant issue in order to consider potential threats to native fauna. In this work we report two pterygosomatid mites for the first time in Colombia, Geckobia bataviensis and G. keegani, parasites of the invasive house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus. Although it has not been demonstrated that these mites may infest native gecko lizards, our study highlights the need to explore the prevalence of internal and external parasites in native and invasive geckos, to better evaluate the potential impact of invasive Hemidactylus lizards in Colombia.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Health-related fitness in medical students:a curricular intervention in Bogota, Colombia

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a curricular intervention to promote health-related fitness (HRF) among medical students in Bogota, Colombia.Method: The study was conducted between May 2014 and December 2015 as part of the medical physiology course, in which 208 medical students were enrolled.The curricular intervention included two lectures on physical activity (PA) and student-led group presentations on the physiological effects of exercise on human physiology. An academic incentive (10% of final grade) was given to students who reported and documented regular PA practice during the semester. This study assessed students’ HRF variables, perceptions of the curriculum intervention, and PA practices using quantitative and qualitative approaches.Results: 55% of the students were female, with a mean age of 19.5 years. Body fat, estimated maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), handgrip, and sit-up strength showed statistically significant improvements at the end of the intervention. Students reported that PA practice was positively influenced by the curriculum intervention, particularly the academic incentive and the HRF tests. Students reported a wide variety of PA practices, which were mainly done with friends, classmates, or family members. Lack of time was the main reported barrier to PA practice.Conclusion: The curricular intervention was effective in improving HRF and promoting PA. It remains to be investigated whether these gains are sustained over time

Different Experimental and Numerical Models to Analyse Emptying Processes in Pressurised Pipes with Trapped Air

In hydraulic engineering, some researchers have developed different mathematical and numerical tools for a better understanding of the physical interaction between water flow in pipes with trapped air during emptying processes, where they have made contributions on the use of simple and complex models in different application cases. In this article, a comparative study of different experimental and numerical models existing in the literature for the analysis of trapped air in pressurised pipelines subjected to different scenarios of emptying processes is presented, where different authors have develope, experimental, one-dimensional mathematical and complex computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models (two-dimensional and three-dimensional) to understand the level of applicability of these models in different hydraulic scenarios, from the physical and computational point of view. In general, experimental, mathematical and CFD models had maximum Reynolds numbers ranging from 2670 to 20,467, and it was possible to identify that the mathematical models offered relevant numerical information in a short simulation time on the order of seconds. However, there are restrictions to visualise some complex hydraulic and thermodynamic phenomena that CFD models are able to illustrate in detail with a numerical resolution similar to the mathematical models, and these require simulation times of hours or days. From this research, it was concluded that the knowledge of the information offered by the different models can be useful to hydraulic engineers to identify physical and numerical elements present in the air–water interaction and computational conditions necessary for the development of models that help decision-making in the field of hydraulics of pressurised pipelines