The Impact of Social Media Use on Mental Health of the Adult Population: A Systematic Literature Review

Background: The pervasive use of social media has raised concerns about its potential impact on adult mental health. The overarching aim of this study is to analyse and synthesize existing literature to provide insights into the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes among adults. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, EBSCO Host and ProQuest central. The search encompassed studies conducted from the earliest date to 2023. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies. Data extraction and evaluation were conducted using predetermined criteria to assess the quality and relevance of the included studies. Thematic analysis was utilized to synthesize the findings from both qualitative and quantitative studies. Results: The review identified a diverse range of studies conducted globally, highlighting the widespread interest in understanding the impact of social media on mental health. The systematic review identified 26 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, encompassing various research designs, including 21 cross-sectional, one cohort, one qualitative, and one mixed-methods studies. theThematic analysis revealed several overarching themes, including the positive and negative associations between social media use and mental health outcomes, the influence of specific platforms, mediating factors such as stress and acculturation, gender differences in susceptibility, and qualitative insights into users' experiences. The systematic review identified 26 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, encompassing various research designs, including 21 cross-sectional, one cohort, one qualitative, and one mixed methods studies. Conclusion: The findings underscore the nuanced relationship between social media use and mental health among adults. While some studies reported detrimental effects, others found no significant associations or even positive outcomes. Factors such as platform diversity, stress mediation, acculturation, and gender differences further complicate the relationship. These insights have implications for interventions and future research directions aimed at promoting mental well-being in the context of social media use among adults

Učinci konjske rotkvice (Moringa oleifera) kao dodatka prehrani na antioksidacijski status junica križanki različitih pasmina

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the anti-oxidant effect of Moringa oleifera meal-supplementation in the total mixed ration, replacing the compounded concentrate mixture for crossbred heifer calves. A total of twenty-one crossbred heifer calves were selected and grouped into three treatments based on body weight and age. The leaves (84%) and soft twigs (16%) of Moringa oleifera were mixed to prepare the Moringa oleifera meal. Compounded concentrate mixture, ground nut straw, hybrid napier grass, mineral mixture and common salt were used at 50, 23, 25, 1 and 1%, respectively to formulate the control total mixed ration (T1). The compounded concentrate mixture was replaced with the Moringa oleifera meal at 5.0 and 7.5 % to formulate total mixed rations T2 and T3. The whole blood was collected from each calves in the morning before feeding and watering at the beginning (0 day), middle (at 60 day) and end (at 126 day) of the experiment. The total leukocyte counts, total erythrocyte counts, haematocrit and platelet count of crossbred heifer calves differed non-significantly (P>0.05) between the treatment groups, and were within normal physiological range. The serum albumin, glucose, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, alanine amino transaminase, calcium and phosphorus differed non-significantly between the treatment groups. However, feeding with Moringa oleifera resulted in higher (P0.05) higher after feeding with the 5.0 and 7.5% Moringa oleifera meals. Feeding with 5.0 and 7.5% Moringa oleifera meal in the total mixed ration, replacing the high protein compounded concentrate mixture, to growing crossbred heifer calves had no adverse effect on haematological and biochemical constituents, and resulted in a non-significant (P>0.05) higher antioxidant capacity in the crossbred heifer calves.Ovo je istraživanje provedeno kako bi se procijenio antioksidacijski učinak konjske rotkvice (Moringa oleifera) kao zamjene za mješavinu koncentrata u hranidbi junica križanki različitih pasmina. Na temelju tjelesne mase i dobi, junice (n=21) su razvrstane u tri pokusne skupine. Lišće (84%) i mekše grančice (16%) konjske rotkvice izmiješane su kako bi se pripremio obrok za istraživane životinje. U formulaciji mješavine (T1) upotrijebljena je mješavina koncentrata u količini od 50%, mljeveni orašasti plodovi 23%, Hybrid Napier 25%, mineralna mješavina 1 % i obična sol 1 %. Pripreljena smjesa koncentrata zamijenjena je obrokom s konjskom rotkvicom u omjeru 5,0% i 7,5% za skupine T2 i T3. Od svake je junice uzet uzorak pune krvi ujutro prije hranjenja i pojenja na početku (0. dan), sredinom (60. dan) i na kraju pokusa (126. dan). Nije bilo statistički znakovite razlike (P>0,05) u ukupnom broju leukocita i eritrocita, hematokritu te broju trombocita među pokusnim skupinama i vrijednosti su bile unutar fiziološkog raspona. Ni u vrijednostima serumskog albumina, glukoze, kreatinina, ureje, alkalne fosfataze, alanin-aminotransaminaze, kalcija i fosfora nije bilo statistički znakovite razlike među pokusnim skupinama. Dodatak prehrani konjske rotkvice međutim rezultirao je porastom proteina u serumu (P0,05) pri hranjenju obrocima s dodatkom konjske rotkvice. Prehrana s 5,0 i 7,5% dodatka konjske rotkvice koja je zamijenila visokoproteinsku koncntriranu mješavinu u obrocima junica nije utjecala na njihove hematološke i biokemnijske pokazatelja kao ni na njihov antioksidacijski kapacitet čije neznatno povećanje nije bilo statistički znakovito (P>0,05)

Spectrum of scrotal diseases & its management in rural medical college

Scrotal complaints are common surgical problems encountered in men for whom patients report in the surgical outpatient department as well as in the emergency department. Due to the long-time gap, they are diagnosed at an advanced stage with high morbidity and mortality. So a present study was conducted to know the correct incidence of pathologies affecting the scrotum in this western part of India; their mode of presentation; diagnosis; management done for these conditions.All patients aged 18 years or older, who were diagnosed with acute scrotum in Dhiraj Hospital, from March 2021 to September 2022, were assessed.50 patients were assessed. Out of total, 30% patients were diagnosed with Testicular torsion followed by 24% who had Acute Epididymo- orchitis. Only 4% were affected by acute scrotum due to trauma.Conservative management with antibiotics, analgesics, scrotal support and rest is most effective in case of epididymo-orchitis. Emergency exploration of the scrotum proved to be the best care in case of pyocele, Haematocele, torsion testis, testicular abscess and Fournier’s gangrene. It doesn’t involve major expenses with negligible surgical mortality, also shown to be the best as confirmed diagnosis can be reached with almost all cases with exploration

Influence of cavity floor injection strategy on mixing improvement study of a splitter plate-assisted supersonic combustor

In the current research, an effort has been made to investigate the splitter plate-based scramjet combustor by inserting a cavity in the lower wall and observing how the different geometric parameters of the combustor, namely the cavity's aft wall angle, the bottom wall's divergence angle, and the splitter plate's angle of attack, affect the mixing performance of the supersonic combustor. Initially, experimental data from the published literature for a splitter plate is used to validate the implemented computational approach. Next, different aft wall angles of the cavity are compared, and the optimal value is found to be 120° The current investigation demonstrates that geometric modification significantly affects the performance of a splitter plate-assisted supersonic combustor. An increase in the cavity's aft wall angle improves the combustion efficiency. A further study is conducted on the splitter plate + cavity at various divergence angles of the bottom wall. According to our study, the separation region on the top wall increases as the divergence angle increases, resulting in a reduction in combustion performance. Finally, while simulating different angles of attack of splitter plate, it has been noticed that, for a negative angle of attack (-1°), the cavity provides a recirculation region and a sufficient shear mixing layer. This allows adequate air-fuel mixing to sustain combustion

Engaging the primary care community to encourage appropriate prostate cancer screening

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer remains a controversial topic, particularly in the primary care community. Our multidisciplinary prostate screening panel at Duke University Health System, USA created a nuanced PSA screening algorithm, implemented it into the Electronic Health Record of Duke Primary Care, and conducted outreach meetings with primary care practices to support its rollout. Through this project, we identified areas of concern among primary care clinicians regarding PSA screening that we structured into two major categories: ideological opposition and logistical opposition. We outlined specific concerns in each major category and described how our team responded to those concerns. As communication between primary care clinicians and prostate specialists is vital to the success and safety of PSA screening programs, we hope that describing primary care concerns and our responses to them will help other health systems thoughtfully and efficiently implement appropriate PSA screening programs moving forward

Accelerating artificial intelligence: How federated learning can protect privacy, facilitate collaboration, and improve outcomes

Cross-institution collaborations are constrained by data-sharing challenges. These challenges hamper innovation, particularly in artificial intelligence, where models require diverse data to ensure strong performance. Federated learning (FL) solves data-sharing challenges. In typical collaborations, data is sent to a central repository where models are trained. With FL, models are sent to participating sites, trained locally, and model weights aggregated to create a master model with improved performance. At the 2021 Radiology Society of North America\u27s (RSNA) conference, a panel was conducted titled Accelerating AI: How Federated Learning Can Protect Privacy, Facilitate Collaboration and Improve Outcomes. Two groups shared insights: researchers from the EXAM study (EMC CXR AI Model) and members of the National Cancer Institute\u27s Early Detection Research Network\u27s (EDRN) pancreatic cancer working group. EXAM brought together 20 institutions to create a model to predict oxygen requirements of patients seen in the emergency department with COVID-19 symptoms. The EDRN collaboration is focused on improving outcomes for pancreatic cancer patients through earlier detection. This paper describes major insights from the panel, including direct quotes. The panelists described the impetus for FL, the long-term potential vision of FL, challenges faced in FL, and the immediate path forward for FL

Accelerating artificial intelligence: How federated learning can protect privacy, facilitate collaboration, and improve outcomes.

Peer reviewed: TrueCross-institution collaborations are constrained by data-sharing challenges. These challenges hamper innovation, particularly in artificial intelligence, where models require diverse data to ensure strong performance. Federated learning (FL) solves data-sharing challenges. In typical collaborations, data is sent to a central repository where models are trained. With FL, models are sent to participating sites, trained locally, and model weights aggregated to create a master model with improved performance. At the 2021 Radiology Society of North America's (RSNA) conference, a panel was conducted titled "Accelerating AI: How Federated Learning Can Protect Privacy, Facilitate Collaboration and Improve Outcomes." Two groups shared insights: researchers from the EXAM study (EMC CXR AI Model) and members of the National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network's (EDRN) pancreatic cancer working group. EXAM brought together 20 institutions to create a model to predict oxygen requirements of patients seen in the emergency department with COVID-19 symptoms. The EDRN collaboration is focused on improving outcomes for pancreatic cancer patients through earlier detection. This paper describes major insights from the panel, including direct quotes. The panelists described the impetus for FL, the long-term potential vision of FL, challenges faced in FL, and the immediate path forward for FL