Survey on Hinglish to English Translation and Classification Techniques

Code-mixing is the process of using many languages in one sentence and has a widespread occurrence in multilingual communities. It is particularly prevalent in texts on social media. Due to the widespread usage of social networking sites, a substantial amount of unstructured text is produced. Hinglish, i.e. code-mixed Hindi and English, is a frequent occurrence in everyday language use in India. Hence, a translation process is required to help monolingual users and to aid in the comprehension of language processing models. In this paper, we study the effective techniques for classification and translation tasks and also find gaps and challenges in the current research domain. After comparing a few existing methodologies for machine translation, a framework which showed an improvement in task of translation over the previous methods is proposed. &nbsp

Parametric Study of Open Trough Steel Concrete Composite Deck

Steel concrete composite deck is used in many parts of the world as fast and economical structural system. Recently the techniques are getting attention in India also. The profile deck is made up of thin cold formed steel sheet which can be formed in any desired shape. In this paper, critical study is made by varying the geometrical and material strength parameters of steel concrete deck. Its effect on flexural resistance and neutral axis location is analyzed. Ductile behavior of deck is another important concern. Here, authors put forward the limiting value of neutral axis for commonly used grades of steel for profile deck, which should be checked to ensure ductile behavior of composite deck. The paper considers variations in concrete thickness, yield strength of material, cylinder strength of concrete for an open trough type profile deck .Analysis of moment of resistance and depth of neutral axis are made as per Euro code EN-1994 assuming full bond between steel and concrete. The results show that there is significant variation in flexural capacity and neutral axis location on varying geometrical and material parameters

Multi-channel portable odor delivery device for self-administered and rapid smell testing

To improve our understanding of the perception of odors, researchers are often required to undertake experimental procedures with users exposed to multiple odors in a variety of settings, including to diagnose smell loss in clinics and care homes. Existing smell tests are typically administered using multiple sniffing pens manually presented to patients by a highly specialized nurse using a time-consuming and complex testing paradigm. Automated odor delivery devices, such as olfactometer systems, exist but are expensive, bulky and typically lab based, making them difficult to use for “on the ground” odor delivery. We have developed a portable, affordable, odor delivery device that can deliver 24 odors through individual channels with high temporal precision and without cross-contamination. The device allows for the fast, flexible sequencing of odors via digital control using a mobile application and has been experimentally validated in the lab, as well as tested on patients. The novel design provides several unique advantages for investigating olfactory perception and offers the possibility that users can one day self-administer smell tests in a range of settings, including at home, allowing smell healthcare services to evolve and become part of a routine practice and self-care culture.Funding for the device development was provided by OWidgets Ltd. and funding for the user study was provided by Geneva University Hospital. Funding for device characterization was provided by the Department of Engineering at the University of Cambridge

Multi-channel portable odor delivery device for self-administered and rapid smell testing

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge the valuable advice of Andreas Keller (The Rockefeller University, New York) for supporting the development of the odor delivery device for the Smell-RS and Smell-S subtest used in this study. We would also like to thank all the healthy subjects and patients with smell disorders for their time and effort in participating in our study and the work of Déborah Blidariu, Katerina Poulopoulou, Dehab Merke, and Sandra Hausmann Jimenez, and the Neurocentre (Nathalie Isidor and Alexie Ray) for supporting the data collection and the management of the SMELL-RS clinical study. Funding for the device development was provided by OWidgets Ltd., and funding for the user study was provided by Geneva University Hospitals. Funding for device characterization was provided by the Department of Engineering at the University of Cambridge.Funder: OWidgets Ltd, University of Cambridge, Department of EngineeringAbstractTo improve our understanding of the perception of odors, researchers are often required to undertake experimental procedures with users exposed to multiple odors in a variety of settings, including to diagnose smell loss in clinics and care homes. Existing smell tests are typically administered using multiple sniffing pens, manually presented to patients by a highly specialized nurse using a time-consuming and complex testing paradigm. Automated odor delivery devices, such as olfactometer systems, exist but are expensive, bulky and typically lab based, making them difficult to use for on the ground odor delivery. Here we have developed a portable, affordable, odor delivery device that can deliver 24 odors through individual channels with high temporal precision and without cross-contamination. The device allows for the rapid, flexible sequencing of odors via digital control using a mobile application and has been experimentally validated in the lab, as well as tested on patients. The design provides several advantages for investigating olfactory perception and offers the possibility that users can one day self-administer smell tests in a range of settings, including at home, allowing smell healthcare services to evolve and become part of a routine practice and self-care culture.</jats:p

Contact tracing of COVID-19 in Karnataka, India: Superspreading and determinants of infectiousness and symptomatic infection.

BackgroundIndia has experienced the second largest outbreak of COVID-19 globally, yet there is a paucity of studies analysing contact tracing data in the region which can optimise public health interventions (PHI's).MethodsWe analysed contact tracing data from Karnataka, India between 9 March and 21 July 2020. We estimated metrics of transmission including the reproduction number (R), overdispersion (k), secondary attack rate (SAR), and serial interval. R and k were jointly estimated using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. We studied determinants of risk of further transmission and risk of being symptomatic using Poisson regression models.FindingsUp to 21 July 2020, we found 111 index cases that crossed the super-spreading threshold of ≥8 secondary cases. Among 956 confirmed traced cases, 8.7% of index cases had 14.4% of contacts but caused 80% of all secondary cases. Among 16715 contacts, overall SAR was 3.6% [95% CI, 3.4-3.9] and symptomatic cases were more infectious than asymptomatic cases (SAR 7.7% vs 2.0%; aRR 3.63 [3.04-4.34]). As compared to infectors aged 19-44 years, children were less infectious (aRR 0.21 [0.07-0.66] for 0-5 years and 0.47 [0.32-0.68] for 6-18 years). Infectors who were confirmed ≥4 days after symptom onset were associated with higher infectiousness (aRR 3.01 [2.11-4.31]). As compared to asymptomatic cases, symptomatic cases were 8.16 [3.29-20.24] times more likely to cause symptomatic infection in their secondary cases. Serial interval had a mean of 5.4 [4.4-6.4] days, and case fatality rate was 2.5% [2.4-2.7] which increased with age.ConclusionWe found significant heterogeneity in the individual-level transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 which could not be explained by the degree of heterogeneity in the underlying number of contacts. To strengthen contact tracing in over-dispersed outbreaks, testing and tracing delays should be minimised and retrospective contact tracing should be implemented. Targeted measures to reduce potential superspreading events should be implemented. Interventions aimed at children might have a relatively small impact on reducing transmission owing to their low symptomaticity and infectivity. We propose that symptomatic cases could cause a snowballing effect on clinical severity and infectiousness across transmission generations; further studies are needed to confirm this finding