Collectivity and differentiation: a tale of two wine territories

To compete in global markets, winegrowers must balance the seeming contradictory needs for territorial reputation and differentiation. This paper examines how the Bordeaux wine territories of St-Emilion and Blaye construct self-governance to achieve that balance, and looks at the extent to which their efforts influence the regulatory and supply chain structures of the industry. I adapt common pool resource theory (CPR) as a framework for analysis because it posits a collectively generated asset that must be maintained through mutually agreed rules. I extend CPR by focusing on reputation rather than physical assets and by incorporating the need for differentiation. The co-evolution of collectivity and differentiation is traced to establish differing institutional structures. The mechanisms of cooperation-democracy, legitimacy, fairness, monitoring, enforcement, cost reduction-are analyzed and compared for effectiveness in integrating collectivity and differentiation and for achieving territorial ambitions

Evolution of collective action in a ski resort facing declining domestic demand and inbound opportunity: Hakuba's dynamic downsizing

In Japan's ski boom of 1960-80 Hakuba's subsistence farmers collectively transformed adjacent mountain slopes into ski areas and built new incomes by individually offering accommodation. Since the domestic market went bust, they have reorganized collective and individual efforts to create a destination resort attractive to inbound tourists. A differentiated common pool resources approach, using concepts from evolutionary economy geography, is utilized to evaluate their success in this endeavor. This structure evolved path dependencies that inhibit coordination of ski areas, generate some divisions in resort governance, and preclude integration of mountain and town activities. The structure does, however, enable reformulation of social capital and a competitive selection of firms that enables dynamic downsizing of the resort

Collectivity and differentiation: a tale of two wine territories

To compete in global markets, winegrowers must balance the seeming contradictory needs for territorial reputation and differentiation. This paper examines how the Bordeaux wine territories of St-Emilion and Blaye construct self-governance to achieve that balance, and looks at the extent to which their efforts influence the regulatory and supply chain structures of the industry. I adapt common pool resource theory (CPR) as a framework for analysis because it posits a collectively generated asset that must be maintained through mutually agreed rules. I extend CPR by focusing on reputation rather than physical assets and by incorporating the need for differentiation. The co-evolution of collectivity and differentiation is traced to establish differing institutional structures. The mechanisms of cooperation—democracy, legitimacy, fairness, monitoring, enforcement, cost reduction—are analyzed and compared for effectiveness in integrating collectivity and differentiation and for achieving territorial ambitions.