Educación y política: El lugar de lo educativo en la experiencia de institucionalización de la modernidad política en Argentina

In this paper, we emphasize the central importance of the school for the development of political modernity in Argentina. The strongly repressive and exclusionary nature of the State Centralized Public Education System (SIPCE, by its initials in Spanish) is not only highlighted regarding its role in the creation of the School of Discipline -which operated on social groups considered exponents of barbarism-, but, above all, regarding its role as the producer of new subjects. The school became the most typical institution for creating citizenship: men and women recognize themselves as Argentine citizens and holders of universal rights because of its deep influence. However, these educational forays into the liberal political project faced resistance from the very beginning of their systematic implementation: there were agents and groups that understood education as a powerful tool to build a socialization that took history into account for transferring and giving a new meaning to it, instead of killing it. Concerning the educational, there are other experiences and meanings to be found in the expectations of the popular sectors, strongly linked to work-related education. The attempts implemented from 1944 onwards by the National Commission for Apprenticeships and Professional Guidance express the moment in which those expectations were able to settle into state institutions.En este trabajo, argumentamos la importancia central de la escuela para el desarrollo de la modernidad política en Argentina. Se destaca no solo el carácter fuertemente represivo y excluyente del Sistema de Instrucción Pública Centralizado Estatal (SIPCE), que cristalizó en la Escuela de la Disciplina y operó sobre los grupos sociales considerados exponentes de la barbarie, sino, sobre todo, su carácter productor de nuevos sujetos. La escuela se convierte en la institución creadora de ciudadanía por excelencia: es a partir de su profunda incidencia que los hombres y mujeres se reconocen como ciudadanos argentinos, portadores de derechos universales. Sin embargo, estas incursiones educativas insertas en el proyecto político liberal, encontraron resistencias desde el inicio de su intervención sistemática: hubo agentes y grupos que entendieron la educación como un lugar potente para construir una socialización que, en vez de matar la propia historia, la tomara en cuenta para transmitirla y resignificarla. En las expectativas de los sectores populares, fuertemente relacionadas a la formación vinculada con el trabajo, pueden encontrarse otras experiencias y sentidos respecto de lo educativo. La tentativa de la Comisión Nacional de Aprendizajes y Orientación Profesional, extendida a partir de 1944, muestra el momento en que aquellas expectativas lograron desplegarse en instituciones estatales

Prácticas participativas de salud mental en contexto de pandemia: apuntes sobre la experiencia de la Radio La Colifata desde la perspectiva de su coordinación

Este escrito forma parte de un proyecto de investigación UBACyT radicado en la Facultad de Psicología, UBA. Su objetivo es indagar en los procesos de transformación llevados adelante en prácticas participativas que articulan salud mental y comunicación en un Hospital monovalente de salud mental de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo que toma como objeto de indagación las prácticas desarrolladas por la Organización Civil La Colifata desde la perspectiva de sus actores. Se tomaron entrevistas en profundidad y se realizó un conversatorio con integrantes de los equipos de coordinación. El proceso de sistematización del material recogido utilizó técnicas de análisis de contenido. Como resultados se presenta una caracterización de la experiencia y las principales transformaciones en contexto de pandemia, incorporando obstáculos, aprendizajes y fortalezas. Se discute la dimensión vincular y su relación con la perspectiva de cuidados, así como lo significativo del sostenimiento de una dimensión deseante y creativa en la experiencia estudiada. Se concluye que dicha perspectiva vincular y el fortalecimiento de una red de cuidados significativa se han constituido en elementos clave para el sostenimiento de actividades en contexto de excepcionalidad

Facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy in North-West Tuscany: A clinically and molecularly based epidemiological study

Facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal-dominant, inherited disorder, characterized by early involvement of facial and scapular muscles with eventual spreading to pelvic and lower limb muscles, where the foot extensors are often those affected more severely. However, there is high degree of clinical variability with respect to age at onset, severity and pattern of muscle involvement, both between and within families. For this reason diagnosis of FSHD can be difficult sometimes and molecular diagnosis is then necessary. A clinical and molecular genetics-based epidemiological investigation was carried out in 1999 in the territory of North-West Tuscany, central Italy, to calculate the prevalence rate of FSHD. The molecular diagnosis was based on the detection of large deletions of variable size of kpnl repeat units on chromosome 4q35. Results have been compared to those of a previous study conducted in the same area in 1981, in the pre-molecular era. We found a prevalence of 3.16 × 10-5 inhabitants, a value two times higher than found in our previous study. This result confirms the usefulness of routine adoption of the molecular genetics-based screening to be extensively applied to make diagnosis of FSHD

Mitochondrial dysfunction in exercise muscle from ALS patients.

Introduction. The pathogenetic mechanism of selective loss of motor neurons in ALS is still poorly understood. Recent research evidence suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may be important contributory factors to motor neuron injury. The aim of our study was to indirectly investigate oxidative metabolism in vivo, in contracting muscle, in a case history of patients affected by ALS. Materials and methods. To this purpose in 8 patients, 6 M and 2 F, age range: 39-73 years, a forearm submaximal test for lactate production evaluation was performed. Results. Basal lactate concentration was increased in 4 patients: 3.01±0.21 mmol/l (normal range: 0.67-2.47 mmol/l). Analysis of lactate curve during exercise showed an increased workload-corrected lactate production compared to controls. In one subject lactate did not recover 20 min after the end of test. There was no relationship between exercise lactate levels and residual force of examined muscles. Conclusion. Even if other factors, such as partial chronic denervation; have to be taken into account, these results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction can occur in exercise skeletal muscle from ALS patients

Cortical silent period in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during a muscle contraction induces a motor-evoked potential (MEP) in the skeletal muscle followed by a cessation of EMG activity, the cortical silent period (C-SP). The C-SP is a useful parameter to indicate the activation of the motor system. Accurate determination of the C-SP can be important in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive disorder of unknown etiology characterised by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of C-SP as an index of motor system involvement, in ten patients affected by ALS, with a mean duration of the disease: 5. 5+/-3.4 months, by means of an objective computer-aided method to measure C-SP and its relationship to stimulation intensity. C-SP duration was significantly reduced in ALS patients compared to controls at low stimulation intensity corresponding to an MEP threshold increased by 15%. While in less severely affected patients C-SP duration approached control values at higher stimulation intensities (25 and 50% upper MEP threshold), in more severe ALS subjects it showed a further reduction, allowing them to be discriminated

Il Manuale per Formatori della Scienza Aperta

Introduzione ai principi generali della scienza apert

Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements

Accurately quantifying species’ area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals 1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum.publishedVersio

Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements

Accurately quantifying species’ area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals 1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum

Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements

Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals 1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum

Prosafe: a european endeavor to improve quality of critical care medicine in seven countries

BACKGROUND: long-lasting shared research databases are an important source of epidemiological information and can promote comparison between different healthcare services. Here we present ProsaFe, an advanced international research network in intensive care medicine, with the focus on assessing and improving the quality of care. the project involved 343 icUs in seven countries. all patients admitted to the icU were eligible for data collection. MetHoDs: the ProsaFe network collected data using the same electronic case report form translated into the corresponding languages. a complex, multidimensional validation system was implemented to ensure maximum data quality. individual and aggregate reports by country, region, and icU type were prepared annually. a web-based data-sharing system allowed participants to autonomously perform different analyses on both own data and the entire database. RESULTS: The final analysis was restricted to 262 general ICUs and 432,223 adult patients, mostly admitted to Italian units, where a research network had been active since 1991. organization of critical care medicine in the seven countries was relatively similar, in terms of staffing, case mix and procedures, suggesting a common understanding of the role of critical care medicine. conversely, icU equipment differed, and patient outcomes showed wide variations among countries. coNclUsioNs: ProsaFe is a permanent, stable, open access, multilingual database for clinical benchmarking, icU self-evaluation and research within and across countries, which offers a unique opportunity to improve the quality of critical care. its entry into routine clinical practice on a voluntary basis is testimony to the success and viability of the endeavor