Low level commutation using mos fet transistors

Metal oxide silicon field effect transistors /MOS FET/ as switching elements for low level commutato

Factors affecting the rotation rate of planets perycenter

Беручи до уваги відмінності релятивістського формулювання закону тяжіння від класичного в роботі показано, що швидкість повертання перигелію планет можна з достатньою точністю моделювати і в рамках релятивістської механіки.. One of the most precise tools for studying gravitational properties of matter is the effect of rotation of planets’ pericenter. Particularly, most of the spatial displacement of the perihelion of Mercury, which is caused by mutual influence of the planets, was calculated by Le Verrier based on the Newton’s law of inverse squares, and the discrepancy was later explained within the framework of general relativity. As a specific result is desirable to be obtained by the similar methods, there were attempts to apply the apparatus of relativistic mechanics for solving this problem; nevertheless, the calculated century bias of perihelion was three times less than observed one. However, in the relativistic problem of the bias rate of Mercury’s perihelion one should account for not only the equations of motion, but also other factors such as oblateness of the Sun, the orbital-rotational interaction of the planets, the redistribution of energy in the relativistic problem of two bodies, factors associated with modification of Newton’s law of gravity etc. On the other hand, there is increasing interest to the drawbacks of the general theory of relativity. Particularly, the latter cannot solve the problem of singularity with it internal contradictions with the field theory, the problem of torsion field is waiting for its solution. It is therefore important to consider some gravitational effects on related models, in particular within the framework of relativistic mechanics. This paper shows that additional contribution to Mercury’s perihelion bias rate is caused by three main factors: periodic relativistic change in mass of the planet, the difference between relativistic gravitational field and Newtonian one, and the relativistic moment of force. The last two factors in the literature have not yet been considered. The consequence of relativistic moment of force is to reverse the Lense–Thirring effect in special relativity, i.e. it leads to rotation of the Sun. This paper proves that within the framework of relativistic mechanics it is possible to calculate the rate of Mercury’s perihelion rotation with sufficient accuracy. The analysis held has shown that with the consistent observance of conservation laws there are no significant limitations in using the apparatus of relativistic mechanics for the analysis of planetary motion

Performance of the Nimbus 2 medium resolution radiometer

Performance of Nimbus 2 radiomete

The radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system from Nimbus 3 radiation measurements

The radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system and its components was computed from global measurements of radiation reflected and emitted from the earth to space. These measurements were made from the meteorological satellite Nimbus 3 during the periods from April 16 to August 15, 1969; October 3 to 17, 1969; and January 21 to February 3, 1970. Primarily the method of evaluation, its inherent assumptions, and possible error sources were discussed. Results are presented by various methods: (1) global, hemispherical, and zonal averages obtained from measurements in all semimonthly periods and (2) global maps of the absorbed solar radiation, the albedo, the outgoing longwave radiation, and the radiation balance obtained from measurements during semimonthly periods in each season (May 1 to 15, July 16 to 31, and October 3 to 17, 1969, and January 21 to February 3, 1970). Annual global averages of the albedo and of the outgoing longwave radiation were determined. These values balance to within 1 percent the annual global energy input by solar radiation that was computed for a solar constant

本邦人大腿骨傾斜角度ノレントゲン的測定ニ就テ(第一囘報告)

Once every menstrual cycle, eggs are ovulated into the oviduct where they await fertilization. The ovulated eggs are arrested in metaphase of the second meiotic division, and only complete meiosis upon fertilization. It is crucial that the maintenance of metaphase arrest is tightly controlled, because the spontaneous activation of the egg would preclude the development of a viable embryo (Zhang et al. 2015 J. Genet. Genomics 42, 477-485. (doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2015.07.004); Combelles et al. 2011 Hum. Reprod. 26, 545-552. (doi:10.1093/humrep/deq363); Escrich et al. 2011 J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 28, 111-117. (doi:10.1007/s10815-010-9493-5)). However, the mechanisms that control the meiotic arrest in mammalian eggs are only poorly understood. Here, we report that a complex of BTG4 and CAF1 safeguards metaphase II arrest in mammalian eggs by deadenylating maternal mRNAs. As a follow-up of our recent high content RNAi screen for meiotic genes (Pfender et al. 2015 Nature 524, 239-242. (doi:10.1038/nature14568)), we identified Btg4 as an essential regulator of metaphase II arrest. Btg4-depleted eggs progress into anaphase II spontaneously before fertilization. BTG4 prevents the progression into anaphase by ensuring that the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is completely inhibited during the arrest. The inhibition of the APC/C relies on EMI2 (Tang et al. 2010 Mol. Biol. Cell 21, 2589-2597. (doi:10.1091/mbc.E09-08-0708); Ohe et al. 2010 Mol. Biol. Cell 21, 905-913. (doi:10.1091/mbc.E09-11-0974)), whose expression is perturbed in the absence of BTG4. BTG4 controls protein expression during metaphase II arrest by forming a complex with the CAF1 deadenylase and we hypothesize that this complex is recruited to the mRNA via interactions between BTG4 and poly(A)-binding proteins. The BTG4-CAF1 complex drives the shortening of the poly(A) tails of a large number of transcripts at the MI-MII transition, and this wave of deadenylation is essential for the arrest in metaphase II. These findings establish a BTG4-dependent pathway for controlling poly(A) tail length during meiosis and identify an unexpected role for mRNA deadenylation in preventing the spontaneous activation of eggs

Four simplified gradient elasticity models for the simulation of dispersive wave propagation

Gradient elasticity theories can be used to simulate dispersive wave propagation as it occurs in heterogeneous materials. Compared to the second-order partial differential equations of classical elasticity, in its most general format gradient elasticity also contains fourth-order spatial, temporal as well as mixed spatial temporal derivatives. The inclusion of the various higher-order terms has been motivated through arguments of causality and asymptotic accuracy, but for numerical implementations it is also important that standard discretization tools can be used for the interpolation in space and the integration in time. In this paper, we will formulate four different simplifications of the general gradient elasticity theory. We will study the dispersive properties of the models, their causality according to Einstein and their behavior in simple initial/boundary value problems