La desmotivación del profesorado universitario y su relación con variables sociodemográficas, laborales y de personalidad

Este estudio analiza la relación de varias variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad y estado civil), varias variables laborales (ámbito de conocimiento, categoría docente y años de ejercicio docente) y de personalidad (ansiedad rasgo y estrategias de afrontamiento) con la desmotivación docente. Participaron 66 profesores/as de la Universidad del País Vasco y de la Universidad Pública de Navarra (edad media = 40,48; DT = 9,02; 73% mujeres, 27% varones). Se utilizó la subescala “Desmotivación” de la Escala de Estrés Docente ED-6, el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Rasgo, el Responses to Stress Questionnaire adaptado y algunas medidas creadas ad hoc. Los análisis arrojaron diferencias significativas en sexo, edad y estado civil; también se hallaron diferencias en las variables laborales y de personalidad. El perfil de profesor desmotivado es una mujer joven, soltera, del ámbito de social, sin puesto estable, tendente a experimentar ansiedad y que emplea formas de afrontamiento adecuadas como la regulación emocional pero también la negación. Éstas y otras cuestiones que afectan a la desmotivación docente deberían ser tomadas en cuenta en la formación del profesorado universitario.This study analyzes the relationship between demotivation among teachers and sociodemographic (sex, age and marital status), work-related (area of expertise, teaching status and years spent teaching) and personality variables (trait anxiety and coping strategies). Participants were 66 lecturers at the University of the Basque Country and the Public University of Navarra (mean age = 40.48, SD = 9.02; 73% women, 27% men). The “Demotivation” subscale of the Teacher Stress Scale ED-6 was used, along with the Trait Anxiety Questionnaire, an adaptation of the Responses to Stress Questionnaire and some measures created ad hoc. The analyses revealed significant differences in sex, age and marital status; differences were also found in the work-related and personality variables. The profile of a demotivated teacher is a young, single woman from the social field, with no stable position and a tendency to suffer from anxiety, who uses adequate coping strategies such as emotional regulation, although scores highly also in denial. These and other questions which affect teacher demotivation should be taken into consideration during the training of university teaching staff

Exploring the origins of identity fusion: Shared emotional experience activates fusion with the group over time

Identity fusion is a visceral feeling of oneness with a group, known to strongly motivate extreme pro-group behaviour. However, the evidence on its causes is currently limited, primarily due to the prevalence of cross-sectional research. To address this gap, this study analysed the evolution of fusion in response to a massive collective ritual, Korrika—a race in support of the Basque language—, over three time periods: before (n = 748) and immediately following participation (n = 402), and 7 weeks thereafter (n = 273). Furthermore, we explored the potential mediating roles of two key factors: perceived emotional synchrony, a sense of emotional unity among participants that emerges during collective rituals, and kama muta (moved by love), an unexplored emotion in relation to fusion, which arises from feelings of shared essence. The proportion of fused participants increased significantly after participation and remained stable for at least 7 weeks. Perceived emotional synchrony and kama muta apparently explained the effect of participants' behavioural involvement in the ritual on subsequent fusion, but only among those who were not previously fused with Korrika participants. We conclude that emotional processes during collective rituals play a fundamental role in the construction of identity fusion.This research was carried out with funding provided by a pre-doctoral grant to the first author (PRE_2020_1_0338), by a grant from the Basque Government for Research Groups (Ref. IT-1598-22) and by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ref. PID2020-115738GB-I00)

El efecto de autolicencia moral: Cuando la conducta virtuosa facilita la conducta inmoral

La investigación empírica de las dos últimas décadas, realizada fundamentalmente con muestras de EEUU y de Europa occidental, revela que el hecho de actuar de forma virtuosa puede hacer que posteriormente las personas actúen de forma moralmente más dudosa. A este fenómeno se le ha denominado efecto de autolicencia moral. En el presente artículo se revisa la evidencia empírica sobre dicho efecto, así como las explicaciones teóricas que se han propuesto para el mismo: el modelo de las credenciales morales y el modelo de crédito, en el que se incluyen la teoría de la autorregulación y la teoría de la compleción. Asimismo, se analiza el problema de la posible contradicción entre este efecto y la tendencia a la autoconsistencia moral. Finalmente, se examina la fuerza del efecto y en qué medida este es generalizable a distintas culturas. El artículo se cierra con un apartado de conclusiones en el que se reflexiona sobre las implicaciones del fenómeno.Empirical research over the past two decades, conducted primarily with samples from the U.S. and Western Europe, reveals that acting virtuously can subsequently cause people to act in a morally more dubious way. This phenomenon has been called the moral self-licensing effect. In this article we review the empirical evidence on this effect, as well as the theoretical explanations that have been proposed for it: the model of moral credentials and the credit model, which includes the theory of self-regulation and the theory of completion. Then, we analize the problem of the possible con-tradiction between this effect and the tendency to moral self-consistence. Finally, we examine the strength of the effect and to what extent it is generalizable to different cultures. The article closes with a section of conclusions in which the implications of the phenomenon are discussed

Korrika, running in collective effervescence through the Basque Country: A model of collective processes and their positive psychological effects

The neo-Durkheimnian model suggests that feedback and emotional communion between participants during a collective gathering (i.e., perceived emotional synchrony: PES) is one of the key mechanisms of collective processes. This shared emotional experience gives rise, in turn, to more intense emotions, this being one of the explanatory models of the positive psychological effects of collective participation. Through a quasi-longitudinal design of three measurement-times (N = 273, 65.9% women; age: 18–70, M = 39.43, SD = 11.64), the most massive social mobilization that is celebrated in favor of the Basque language in the Basque Country (Korrika) was analyzed. Repeated measures and sequential mediation analyzes supported the model. The effect of participation on social integration was mediated by the increase in emotions of enjoyment through PES; the effect on social acceptance, social contribution, and social actualization was mediated by increased kama muta through PES; the effect on collective empowerment was mediated by the increase in self-transcendent emotions through PES; and the effect on remembered well-being was partially mediated by PES. Finally, it was also verified for the first time that the effect of participation on social integration, social acceptance and social actualization was maintained through PES (but not through emotions) for at least 6–7 weeks after the event ended. Also, it is concluded that Kama muta is a relevant emotion during collective gatherings.This research was carried out with funding provided by a Pre-doctoral Grant to JZ (PRE_2020_1_0338), by a Post-doc Grant from the UPV/EHU to LZ (DOCBERRI 20/23), by a grant from the Basque Government for Research Groups (Ref. IT-1598-22) and by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ref. PID2020-115738GB-I00)

Ba al dute erru sentimenduak, lotsak eta harrotasunak funtzio positiborik?

Guilt, shame and pride are usually classed as “self-conscious emotions” or “self-assessments”, since they are the result of an evaluation carried out by the self. Although these selfassessment emotions can sometimes be conflictive and may generate unpleasant consequences for the person who experiences them, they nevertheless perform a fundamental function in both the interpersonal and moral fields. Furthermore, they also serve as a vital guide for the self in terms of controlling behaviour, indicating whether or not a certain conduct is or is not appropriate or acceptable. When behaviour is appropriate, they indicate to the person that they should continue conducting themselves in that way (pride), and when it is inappropriate, they prompt them to behave differently (guilt and shame).; Erru sentimendua, lotsa eta harrotasuna “emozio auto-kontzientetzat” edo “autoebaluaziozkotzat” sailkatu ohi dira, norberaren edo Niaren ebaluazio baten ondorioz sortzen baitira. Auto-ebaluaziozko emozio horiek batzuetan gatazkatsuak izan daitezkeen arren, eta pertsonarentzat ondorio desatseginak izan ditzaketen arren, funtsezko funtzioak ere betetzen dituzte (bai pertsona arteko eremuan, baita eremu moralean ere). Bestalde, Niak jokabidearen kontrolerako dituen ezinbesteko gidak dira: jokabideak bide onetik doazen ala ez adierazten diote Niari. Jokabideak egokiak direnean, pertsonak norabide berean jarrai dezake (harrotasunaren kasua), eta, desegokiak direnean, norabide-aldaketa eskatzen diote (erru sentimenduaren eta lotsaren kasua)

A reliable and valid tool to assess the sexual acceptability of contraceptive methods

Introduction: Adequate identification of the sexual acceptability of contraceptive methods is key for designing health promotion interventions, assessing their impacts, and increasing their effectiveness. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to explore the preferences of women depending on their epidemiological characteristics and their partner relationships—the Sexual Acceptability of Contraceptive Methods Questionnaire [in Spanish, Aceptabilidad Sexual de los Métodos Anticonceptivos (ASMA)]. Methods: Psychometric validation was conducted using Exploratory Factorial Analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability of the final version of the questionnaire was explored using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald omega to estimate internal consistency. Results: A three-factor model was identified. Factor 1 (explaining 28.32% of the model) corresponds to questions concerning the use and placement of the contraceptive and includes 6 items; Factor 2 (explaining 24.23%) corresponds to other factors that affect the relationship such as bleeding and side effects of the contraceptive method and includes 10 items; and Factor 3 (explaining 18.94%) corresponds to the couple relationship and includes 8 items. Conclusion and implications: The ASMA questionnaire provides a valid and reliable tool for assessing the sexual acceptability of various contraceptive methods. This instrument gathers data that provide information on various aspects of women’s sexuality, health, education, and beliefs, all of which can determine the preference for one contraceptive method over another. Moreover, the tool can help to identify profiles of women who have different preferences when selecting a particular method

Optimal surgical timing after post-infarction ventricular septal rupture

Background: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a dan-gerous condition. Surgical VSR closure is the definitive therapy, but there is controversy regarding the surgical timing and the bridging therapy between diagnosis and intervention. The objective of this study is to analyze the ideal time of surgical repair and to establish the contribution of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices on the prognosis. Methods: We designed an observational, retrospective, multicenter study, selecting all consecutive patients with post-AMI VSR between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018, with non-exclusion criteria. The main objective of this study was to analyze the optimal timing for surgical repair of post-AMI VSR. Second- ary endpoints were to determine which factors could influence mortality in the patients of the surgical group. Results: A total of 141 patients were included. We identified lower mortality rates with an odds ratio of 0.3 (0.1 & ndash;0.9) in patients operated on from day 4 compared with the surgical mortality in the first 24 hours after VSR diagnosis. The use of MCS was more frequent in patients treated with surgery, par- ticularly for intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP; 79.6% vs. 37.8%, p < 0.001), but also for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO; 18.2% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.134). Total mortality was 91.5% for conservative management and 52.3% with surgical repair (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In our study, we observed that the lowest mortality rates in patients with surgical repair of post-AMI VSR were observed in patients operated on from day 4 after diagnosis of VSR, compared to earlier interventions. (Cardiol J 2022; 29, 5: 773 & ndash;781

HOPE (SOLTI-1903) breast cancer study: real-world, patient-centric, clinical practice study to assess the impact of genomic data on next treatment decision-choice in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer

Background Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) causes nearly all BC-related deaths. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allow for the application of personalized medicine using targeted therapies that could improve patients' outcomes. However, NGS is not routinely used in the clinical practice and its cost induces access-inequity among patients. We hypothesized that promoting active patient participation in the management of their disease offering access to NGS testing and to the subsequent medical interpretation and recommendations provided by a multidisciplinary molecular advisory board (MAB) could contribute to progressively overcome this challenge. We designed HOPE (SOLTI-1903) breast cancer trial, a study where patients voluntarily lead their inclusion through a digital tool (DT). The main objectives of HOPE study are to empower mBC patients, gather real-world data on the use of molecular information in the management of mBC and to generate evidence to assess the clinical utility for healthcare systems.Trial design After self-registration through the DT, the study team validates eligibility criteria and assists patients with mBC in the subsequent steps. Patients get access to the information sheet and sign the informed consent form through an advanced digital signature. Afterwards, they provide the most recent (preferably) metastatic archival tumor sample for DNA-sequencing and a blood sample obtained at the time of disease progression for ctDNA analysis. Paired results are reviewed by the MAB, considering patient's medical history. The MAB provides a further interpretation of molecular results and potential treatment recommendations, including ongoing clinical trials and further (germline) genetic testing. Participants self-document their treatment and disease evolution for the next 2 years. Patients are encouraged to involve their physicians in the study. HOPE also includes a patient empowerment program with educational workshops and videos about mBC and precision medicine in oncology. The primary endpoint of the study was to describe the feasibility of a patient-centric precision oncology program in mBC patients when a comprehensive genomic profile is available to decide on a subsequent line of treatment