Pemanfaatan Mangga Arum Manis dalam Pembuatan Dodol dengan Perbedaan Konsentrasi Tepung Ketan dan Rumput Laut

Utilization of cotton candy mango in directly encourage mango processing into derived products. One cotton candy mango derivative products is Dodol. Dodol is expected to be high in fiber. Fiber can be obtained from the addition of seaweed in the manufacture Dodol. The purpose of research is the use in the manufacture of cotton candy mango Dodol with different concentrations ofb glutinous rice and seaweed. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Each study uses comparative glutinous rice and seaweed that is different in each treatment including K1R1 (85:15), K2R2 (80:20), K3R3 (75:25) and K4R4 (70: 30). Parameters measured were moisture content, ash, crude fiber, and organoleptic. The best treatmentis K1R1with sticky riceflour ratio of 85% and15% moisture content of grass yield 10.14; ash content of 0.39; crude fiber of 8.30 overall acceptance

Studi Pola Arus dan Sebaran Muatan Padatan Tersuspensi di Muara Sungai Lasem, Kabupaten Rembang

Muara sungai Lasem mengalami pendangkalan akibat pengendapan sedimen tersuspensi. Pendangkalan ini akan berdampak negatif terhadap kondisi perairan antara lain; terhambatnya aliran sungai ke laut dan alur pelayaran kapal nelayan terganggu. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pola sebaran konsentrasi sedimen tersuspensi dan pengaruh arus terhadap sebaran konsentrasi sedimen tersuspensi di perairan Lasem, Kabupaten Rembang.Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan memanfaatkan dan mengelola lingkungan muara sungai antara lain normalisasi muara sungai dan dasar perencanaan untuk mengatasi pendangkalan.Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini data primer terdiri dari sampel sedimen tersuspensi dan arus tanggal 12 sampai dengan 15 April 2014, sedangkan data sekunder diantara lainnya, Peta LPI, Peta RBI dan data pengamatan pasang surut selama 15 hari dari tanggal 12 sampai dengan 27 April 2014 . Pemodelan arus menggunakan model 2Ddepth average pada ADCIRC dan analisis spasial pada ArcGIS10.1 untuk sebaran sedimen tersuspensi dengan metode interpolasi spline. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai konsentrasi sedimen tersuspensi saat kondisi pasang dan saat surut di perairan Lasem berkisar antara 0,1-0,4 g/l. Hasil analisis bahwa pola arus di perairan Lasem dipengaruhi oleh arus pasut. Arus pasang membawa sedimen tersuspensi dari laut mengendap di muara sungai serta saat arus surut sedimen tersuspensi yang berada di muara sungai terbawa arus menuju laut dan menyebar. Kecepatan arus di kedalaman 0,2d berkisar antara 0,003 – 0,369 m/dt, 0,6d kecepatan arus antara 0,004 – 0,278 m/dt dan Kedalaman 0,8d kecepatan arus antara 0,001 – 0,253 m/dt dengan arah dominasi arus ke arah barat laut, timur dan tenggara

Bacterial Protein Characterization of Streptococcus Agalactiae by SDS-page Method for Subclinical Mastitis Irradiated Vaccine Materials in Dairy Cattle

A study have been conducted to isolate and characterize bacterial protein S. agalactiae, which is antigenic and can be used to test immunogenicity of vaccine in order to manufacture irradiated mastitis (inflammation of the udder) vaccine in ruminant. The study aims to determine the Molecular Weight (MW) bacterial protein S. agalactiae irradiation, which can be used to test the nature of its antigenic caharacteristic. The character of S. agalactiae antigenic stimulates antibody induction of the immune system, in which case is the body\u27s defense system against mastitis disease in cattle. In this study, irradiation of gamma ray is used to attenuate the pathogenicity of bacteria by reducing S. agalactiae antigenic caharacteristic. Previous research, in irradiation dose orientation before antigenic protein isolation of S. agalactiae, indicated that irradiation lethal dose to 50% (LD50) is 17 Gy. The characterization of S. agalactiae bacteria isolate using SDS-page method results in no significance different between irradiated and non-irradiated group, which indicated by MW range 75 – 100 kDa base on marker standard which used, or 99 kDa by the linier equation of Y = 11,60 – 0.05X (where Y = bands distance; X = MW standard protein); r2 = 0.99. In conclusion, 17 Gy irradiation dose does not impair antigenic property of S. agalactiae and therefore, can be applied to produce base material of irradiated vaccine for mastitis. Received: 04 May 2012; Revised: 27 November 2012; Accepted: 27 August 201

Increasing Thai Catfish's Immunity (Pangasius hypophthalmus Fowler) Using Ascorbic Acid

ABSTRACTAn experiment to determine Thai catfish's (Pangasius hypophthalmus Fowler) immunity was carried out using different levels of ascorbic acid (0, 1.000, 2.000 and 3.000 mg/kg feed).  Fish of 15-20 g in weight were kept in aquaria for 6 weeks with density of 15 fish/aquaria.  Feed was given at 5-10 % of total biomass with frequency of three times a day.  The blood sampling was taken every week and the challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila (106cells/mm3) injection intramuscular was done on the 30th day.   The result of this experiment shown that feed with ascorbic acid of 2.000 mg/kg was elevated the cellular responses such as: leucocyte total (34.850 cels/mm3), differential of leucocyte (lymphocyte: 72,2%, monocyte: 8,0%, neutrophyl: 7,8%), phagocytic index (13%) and humoral response (titre antibody: 0.829 serum aglutination unit), which at the same time proves high level of survival rate against the artificial injection using A. hydrophila. Key words :  Ascorbic acid, fish immunity, Thai catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus.   ABSTRAK Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan ikan jambal Siam (Pangasius hypophthalmus Fowler) untuk melihat tingkat kekebalan ikan dengan menambahkan vitamin C pada pakan (0, 1.000, 2.000 dan 3.000 mg/kg pakan).  Ikan jambal Siam ukuran 15-20 g dipelihara dalam aquarium selama 6 minggu dengan kepadatan 15 ekor/wadah.  Pemberian pakan dilakukan 3 kali sehari sebanyak 5-10% dari bobot biomasa, pengambilan contoh darah dilakukan setiap minggu dan uji tantang dilakukan pada hari ke-30 dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila (106 sel/mm3) secara intramuskular.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan vitamin C sebanyak 2.000 mg/kg pakan menyebabkan meningkatnya respon seluler antara lain: total lekosit (34.850 sel/mm3), jenis lekosit (limfosit: 72,2%, monosit: 8,0%, netrofil: 7,7% dan trombosit: 17,6%) indeks fagositik 13% dan respon humoral (titer antibodi: 0,829 unit serum aglutinasi).  Kelangsungan hidup ikan jambal Siam dengan respon seluler demikian mencapai 100%. Kata kunci :  Vitamin C, imunitas ikan, ikan jambal Siam, Pangasius hypophthalmus

Contamination Level of Staphylococcus spp. in Raw Goat Milk and Associated Risk Factors

This study was aimed to investigate the presence of pathogenic bacteria in raw goat milk by using Staphylococcus spp. as indicator bacteria, and also to evaluate the potential risk factors associated with them. Information regarding potential risk factors was collected by questionnaire. The conventional bacteriological method for bacterial isolation and the indirect test (California Mastitis Test (CMT)) for determining udder inflammation status were employed. A sample size of 300 udder halves milk samples from three commercial dairy goat farms in the Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia were investigated for counts and prevalence of indicator bacteria. Ten potential risk factors were also evaluated in relation to counts and prevalence of indicator bacteria. The results showed that the median value of indicator bacterial count from overall udder-half milk samples was 3.00 log cfu/ml. The indicator bacterial count from udder-half milk samples was significantly different (P < 0.05) among farms. Overall prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. was 78.7%. As one of potential risk factors, udder inflammation status was found to be risk factor for Staphylococcus spp. contamination in milk. Udders with inflammation had significant association and a higher chance of having contaminated samples by Staphylococcus spp. as compared to udders without inflammation. Additionally, according to these study results, CMT can be used as an effective, reliable, cheap and “farm and farmer friendly test" for screening test of intramammary infection (IMI) or sub clinical mastitis in dairy goats. Key words: goat milk, Staphylococcus spp., prevalence, risk factor, California Mastitis Tes

Microbiological Quality of Raw Goat Milk in Bogor, Indonesia

Milk samples were investigated for counts and prevalence of indicator bacteria, which were TPC, coliforms, coagulase positive Staphylococci (CPS), and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS). Ten potential risk factors were also evaluated in relation to the prevalence of indicator bacteria. The results showed that the median values of indicator bacterial counts from overall udder-half milk samples were 3.74, 0.70, 1.70, and 2.52 log cfu/ml and from bulk milk samples were 5.69, 2.98, 3.66 and 3.32 log cfu/ml for TPC, coliforms, CPS, and CNS, respectively. None of the median values of overall udder-half milk samples exceeded the maximum limit of the standards for all indicator bacteria. However, in the bulk milk samples only the median value of TPC below the maximum limit of the standards. Overall prevalence of coliforms, CPS and CNS from udder-half milk samples were 46.3%, 37.7%, and 66.0%, respectively, and from bulk milk samples were 86.7%, 76.7%, and 86.7%, respectively. Saanen crossbreed, fifth parity and udders with inflammation were found to be risk factors. This study results indicated that the hygienic practices in the dairy goat farms are still need to be increased.  To increase the hygienic level of the milk, the identified significant risk factors must be controlled

Isolation and Identification of Serum Gamma Immunoglobulin (IgG) of Native and Imported Chickens by Ion Exchange Chromatography and Immunochernistry Methods

The study was designed to isolate and identify serum IgG of native and imported chickens, after being immunized with Newcastle Disease Vaccine. The isolation method used was the DEAE-Cellulose ion exchange chromatography using 0.01 M Tris-HCl buffer, at pH 8.0, with linear gradient NaCl from 0.01 M to 0.30 M after salting out with anhydrous Na2SO4. Identification of IgG characteristics carried out using the Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion, immuno-electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE 8% methods. Serum fractionation of native and imported chickens using the DEAE-Cellulose chromatography, after salting out with anhydrous Na2So4 of 18,14 and 14% resulted in four peaks of protein fractions