Environmental Kuznets Curve in Romania and the Role of Energy Consumption

The aim of present study is to probe the dynamic relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions for period of 1980-2010 in case of Romania. In doing so, ARDL bounds testing approach is applied to investigate the long run cointegration between these variables. Our results confirm long run relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and energy pollutants. The empirical evidence reveals that Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is found both in long-and-short runs in Romania. Further, energy consumption is major contributor to energy pollutants. Democratic regime shows her significant contribution to decline CO2 emissions through effective implementation of economic policies and financial development improves environment i.e. reduces CO2 emissions by redirecting the resources to environment friendly projects.Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Environment

Total Factor Productivity, Demographic Traits and ICT: Empirical Analysis for Asia

This paper advances a model to explain the total factor productivity in Asian countries, most of which are labor surplus and are endowed with substantial human capital. Such promising demographic potentials are considered as complementary factors to use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Population with such favorable demographic traits and access to ICT results in higher Total factor productivity (TFP). We call this as Demo-Tech-TFP Model and is tested by using data for 2000-2010 of 24 Asian countries. Econometric concerns like presence of endogenous and/or predetermined covariates and small time-series and cross-sectional dimensions of panel dataset are tackled by using System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM). Results show considerable support for the Demo-Tech-TFP hypothesis. Need is to design such models that suit the local demography and patterns of technological diffusion currently taking place in developing countries

Economic Convergence in Context of Knowledge Economies in Asia: Instrumental Variable Estimation

Traditional convergence empirics overlook the role of knowledge as a contributor to economic convergence. This paper incorporates knowledge as a factor contributing towards economic convergence in Asian countries. In addition to knowledge, capital formation, interaction effects of tertiary education with ICT and knowledge and finally electricity consumption are also used in the said regression. Instrumental Variables estimation is used to test convergence hypothesis for sample Asian countries for data of time period 2001-2010. Empirical results are in favor of knowledge-augmented convergence, inferring that knowledge participates in convergence process across sample Asian countries. Factors like capital accumulation and interaction effects of ICT and knowledge with human capital and electricity consumption show their positive role in contributing to income per capita. Recommendations are made to improve the tertiary education sector and to promote economically productive research for advancing towards economic convergence in Asian region in particular and for UDCs in general

Telecommunication Infrastructure Development and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach

World is going to be global village due to the introduction of new and advanced technology and new innovations in technology make it more possible day by day. The widely spread economic activities both in real as well as in credit market is possible when they use advance technology to communicate. This is a fact that the world is rapidly moving towards an economic system based on the continuous and ubiquitous availability of information. Developing countries try to maintain and develop their technology in such a way that they can become a part of this global village. Recent developments in telecommunication technology have been an important tool to exchange the information to develop a sharp and valuable commodity market. During 21st century to move into post-industrial, information based economic growth, countries and sector try to equip themselves with the necessary telecommunication system. A modern telecommunication infrastructure is not only important for economic growth but also to connect domestic market of commodities as well as credit with international commodity and financial markets. This would develop the smooth flow of foreign investment, positive value of net exports, increase the value addition in GDP of an economy etc. Once the industrial and agriculture development was considered to be a best tool to enhance economic growth of a country, every country gave more importance to these sectors in its plans and policies, but now the trend has changed because the advancement and development of these two major sector of an economy sustain on the development of other factors, the role of service sector, advancement in technology, and the contribution of foreign sector in economic growth by different ways increases, and the major area of interest for foreign sector or investment was service sector and still it is, countries with the existence of GATS, started to privatise their set up, and after realising the importance of communications, the telecommunication sector is now on their main priorities. With the advancement of telecommunication services, a new market mechanism, low cost structure and expanded value chain of firms is possible [Kambil and Short (1994)], on other hand in developing countries, the average price of agricultural commodities is high in the area where there is telephone facilities available than the area where there is no facilities to communicate [Bayes, et al. (1999)]

Environmental Kuznets Curve in Romania and the Role of Energy Consumption

The aim of present study is to probe the dynamic relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions for period of 1980-2010 in case of Romania. In doing so, ARDL bounds testing approach is applied to investigate the long run cointegration between these variables. Our results confirm long run relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and energy pollutants. The empirical evidence reveals that Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is found both in long-and-short runs in Romania. Further, energy consumption is major contributor to energy pollutants. Democratic regime shows her significant contribution to decline CO2 emissions through effective implementation of economic policies and financial development improves environment i.e. reduces CO2 emissions by redirecting the resources to environment friendly projects

Environmental Kuznets Curve in Romania and the Role of Energy Consumption

The aim of present study is to probe the dynamic relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions for period of 1980-2010 in case of Romania. In doing so, ARDL bounds testing approach is applied to investigate the long run cointegration between these variables. Our results confirm long run relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and energy pollutants. The empirical evidence reveals that Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is found both in long-and-short runs in Romania. Further, energy consumption is major contributor to energy pollutants. Democratic regime shows her significant contribution to decline CO2 emissions through effective implementation of economic policies and financial development improves environment i.e. reduces CO2 emissions by redirecting the resources to environment friendly projects

Impact of different pricing policies and types of competition on the optimum location of industry

Typescript (photocopy).There is need to explore the various factors that affect industrial site selection and the impacts of different pricing policies and types of competition on the location of industry. This dissertation proceeds to fulfill that need. In general, the traditional theory of industrial location is based on the rather limited assumptions of F.O.B. mill pricing and a uniform distribution of consumers. The basic objective of this dissertation is to explore the impacts on industrial location of different customer distributions given alternative pricing systems and different market structures. The optimum location of industry is shown to depend upon the pricing policies of the industry in question as well as on the distribution of customers, the shape of their demand curves, and the nature of the delivery cost functions. It follows that the standard location theory which is predicated chiefly on cost factors is deficient. The main contributions of this dissertation will, therefore, be: (1) To focus on the relationships between changes in the distribution of customers m d changes in the nature of the demand and delivery cost functions; in turn, their total impact on the decision of firms regarding location will be uncovered. (2) To determine the relationship between the elasticities of spatial individual demands and the elasticity of spatial aggregate demand towards the end of ascertaining what would be the optimum location choice in an industry. (3) To evaluate a monopolist's optimum location under alternative pricing policies and shapes of demand and delivery cost functions. (4) To evaluate different location choices under different pricing strategies. (5) To demonstrate that location under uniform delivered prices depends essentially on the nature of the delivery cost function. Specifically a manufacturer would locate between the median and the mean, exactly at the median or between the median and the mode depending upon whether the delivery cost function is respectively concave, linear or convex. (6) To elaborate on why an industry moves from the median towards the mean or why it typically ends up somewhere in between the two locations with no further movement to the mode or the mean of the distribution of the population (buyers). The dynamics of the location process will be considered in detail in this dissertation

Impact of different pricing policies and types of competition on the optimum location of industry

Typescript (photocopy).There is need to explore the various factors that affect industrial site selection and the impacts of different pricing policies and types of competition on the location of industry. This dissertation proceeds to fulfill that need. In general, the traditional theory of industrial location is based on the rather limited assumptions of F.O.B. mill pricing and a uniform distribution of consumers. The basic objective of this dissertation is to explore the impacts on industrial location of different customer distributions given alternative pricing systems and different market structures. The optimum location of industry is shown to depend upon the pricing policies of the industry in question as well as on the distribution of customers, the shape of their demand curves, and the nature of the delivery cost functions. It follows that the standard location theory which is predicated chiefly on cost factors is deficient. The main contributions of this dissertation will, therefore, be: (1) To focus on the relationships between changes in the distribution of customers m d changes in the nature of the demand and delivery cost functions; in turn, their total impact on the decision of firms regarding location will be uncovered. (2) To determine the relationship between the elasticities of spatial individual demands and the elasticity of spatial aggregate demand towards the end of ascertaining what would be the optimum location choice in an industry. (3) To evaluate a monopolist's optimum location under alternative pricing policies and shapes of demand and delivery cost functions. (4) To evaluate different location choices under different pricing strategies. (5) To demonstrate that location under uniform delivered prices depends essentially on the nature of the delivery cost function. Specifically a manufacturer would locate between the median and the mean, exactly at the median or between the median and the mode depending upon whether the delivery cost function is respectively concave, linear or convex. (6) To elaborate on why an industry moves from the median towards the mean or why it typically ends up somewhere in between the two locations with no further movement to the mode or the mean of the distribution of the population (buyers). The dynamics of the location process will be considered in detail in this dissertation

Does ICT Participate in Economic Convergence among Asian Countries: Evidence from Dynamic Panel Data Model

Conventional Convergence models usually oversee the role of information and communications technology (ICT) as a determinant of convergence. This paper introduces ICT as a factor contributing towards economic convergence in Asian countries. In addition to ICT, other factors like demographic traits, level of human development and electricity consumption are used as regressors. System GMM technique is used to estimate convergence regression for se-lected Asian countries for data of time span 2001-2010. Support for ICT-augmented conver-gence is found, implying that ICT has the tendency to participate in convergence process. Suitable demographic features, human development and electricity consumption are also found to contribute to economic convergence in the sample countries of Asia. Findings of this paper indicate the need to complement the favorable demographic endowments in Asian economies with economically productive usage of ICT to proceed towards economic convergence in Asian Region