Profitability of Broiler Firms in Tehsil Shabqada (Charsadda): A Domestic Study for Agricutural Sector

The purpose of this study is to determine the cost, return and profitability of broiler production in areas pf charsadda district. It is based on primary data which were collected through persona interview method in order to minimize the errors and biasedness in the data since most of the entrepreneurs were illiterate or low level of education. Data were collected from 30 broiler rearing firms by using random sampling. Statistical techniques, production function techniques, tables and graphs were used for the analysis of data. This study estimated average cost of raising broiler to be RS 521459.22 per farm (farm consist on the average of 2195 chickens) per session. Total variable cost per farm (2195) chickens per session was RS 307180. The total fixed cost was Rs 205416.66 per 2195chickens per session. Evidence of the study shows that gross return from the firm are Rs 682525.33 per 2195 no.of chickens per session. The calculated net return per session was Rs 47108.67. The findings revealed that broiler production was profitable enterprise. Cobb Douglas production function was also applied to find the individual effect of the factors of production of broiler. It was also observed that most of the variables had significant impact on the broiler production. The study also identified some problems in the study area of broiler production. Finally based on the finding of the study, some recommendations were made for the development of the broiler production.

Recurrent spontaneous multiple pregnancy: a case report

Multiple gestations are usually iatrogenic like use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), infertility treatment but it is rare in spontaneous conception. High order multiple pregnancies (HOMPs) are major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity. Multiple gestations carries 2 complications either abortion in early gestation or a preterm delivery in late pregnancy (more common). Preterm delivery is common (50%) and patient usually delivers by 30-32 weeks. Discordance of fetal growth is very common and even more than in twins. Perinatal loss is inversely related to birth weight. The mothers should be counseled about regular ante natal care (ANC) check-ups for early identification of multiple pregnancies so that proper care can be given to prolong the gestational age and reduce the complications associated with multiple pregnancies

Estimating Willingness to Pay for Drinking Water Quality in Nowshera Pakistan: A Domestic Study for Public Health

This study discloses the behavior of household’s willingness to pay for improved water quality in Nowshera city. Simple regression model is used to reveal the preferences of household’s towards safe water. Study empirically concluded that awareness and income has significant impacts on household decision making for better water quality in order to reduce the health risk and vulnerability towards water born diseases such as typhoid, dysentery, cholera and diarrhea. Formal and informal education also has crucial effect on demand for purified water. Study further shows that those who have more income and high level of qualification are more willing to pay for clean and safe drinking water. Background of this research have concern towards low water quality, which causes the health hazards to human life which may increase their health cost and effect the decision of HH regarding willingness to pay. Primary data was collected from 200 households of Nowshera. Results showed that income is the one of main factor which has major effects on demand of enhanced water quality. More people were willing to pay to the government in order to get safe water while very less amount of HH were in favor of private pr respectable organizations.  Filter cost also indicated some relationship with WTP, those who have more filter cost was able to pay more because their cost was more than the filtration cost. Health expenditure exposed the positive relationship with demand for purified water, high health expenditure bearing HH were more able to pay to reduce their cost. Awareness and income were the key factor for estimating the willingness to pay for improved quality of water to get good and healthier life

Leiomyosarcoma: a rare complication of uterine fibroid

Uterine sarcomas are rare tumours of mesodermal origin. Malignant change occurring in uterine fibroid is termed as leiomyosarcoma. They constitute around 2-6 % uterine malignancies and 25-36% of uterine sarcomas. The tumour is common in women between the age group 40-50 years. It has an aggressive course & usually metastasis goes to the lungs. The prognosis for women with uterine sarcoma primarily depends on the extent of disease at the time of diagnosis and mitotic index. Women with tumor size >5 cm in maximum diameter have poor prognosis. These tumours should be diagnosed and managed with no delay and must be followed vigilantly as the rate of recurrence & metastasis is very high

Resilient higher educational institutions in a world of digital transformation

PurposeResilient higher education institutions can endure, develop and compete in the face of ambiguous, challenging and pandemic situations. In a world of digital transformation, organizational resilience is crucial. Prior research has paid less attention to achieving organizational resilience. This study aims to use the digital capability theory to address this research gap and determine adaptive culture’s direct and indirect influence on organizational resilience. The impact of adaptive culture on organizational resilience is being investigated via the underlying mechanism of digital transformation.Design/methodology/approachThe data was gathered using a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire with convenience sampling techniques from higher educational institutions in South Asia’s context. The direct and indirect effects were analyzed using SEM from 294 teaching faculty members.FindingsThe findings show a significant positive association between the study’s constructs. The association between adaptive culture and organizational resilience was partially mediated by digital transformation. The findings provide important insights for policymakers, academics and higher education institutions in developing adaptable cultures to achieve organizational resilience, primarily through digital transformation.Originality/valueFew research studies have investigated a direct relationship among the constructs of the study to the best of the authors’ knowledge. It is the first study to investigate the role of digital transformation as the underlying mechanism between adaptive culture and organizational resilience. Theoretical contributions, practical implications and future research directions have all been presented

A case series of caesarean myomectomy

Uterine fibroids are benign, monoclonal tumors of smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. Most fibroids do not increase in size during pregnancy and are not always removed when encountered during cesarean section. Objective was to see the outcome of patients undergoing cesarean myomectomy. The study design was observational study. All patients undergoing cesarean section with uterine fibroid of size more than 5 cm. In carefully selected patients and with use of intraoperative vasopressin, myomectomy may be safely accomplished at the time of caesarean section by experienced surgeons. cesarean myomectomy is safe and successful if patient selection is done carefully and does not add to any additional post-operative morbidity

Perinatal and neonatal outcome in meconium stained amniotic fluid

Background: Meconium passage in new born is a developmentally programmed event normally occurring within the first 24 to 48 hours after birth. Intrauterine meconium passage in near-term or term fetuses has been associated with fetomaternal stress factor like hypoxia and infection independent of fetal maturity. The incidence of meconium stained amniotic fluid is 1-18%. The objective of this study was to correlate the presence of meconium in amniotic fluid with perinatal outcome.Methods: A total of 300 women were taken in the study, out of which 54 cases who were found to have meconium on spontaneous or artificial rupture of membranes were monitored with fetal heart rate abnormalities, 5 minute APGAR score and neonatal complications as outcome variables.Results: The incidence of meconium stained liquor was 18%.Fetal heart rate abnormalities were seen more often with thick meconium (62.5%) than with thin meconium (15.8%) which was statistically significant. In the present study there was a good correlation between APGAR score and MAS, 3 neonates with thick meconium in the severely asphyxiated group had MAS. No babies with APGAR >7 had MAS. Neonatal morbidity due to MAS was seen in 3 (18.8%) cases and mortality was seen in 4 (7.41%) cases.Conclusions: The significance of meconium in amniotic fluid is a widely debated subject. Traditionally meconium has been considered as a sign of fetal distress occurring due to hypoxia. However it is now recognized as a manifestation of a normally maturing gastrointestinal tract. In a global sense it is still considered a marker for adverse perinatal outcomes. The presence of thick meconium is associated with increase in the perinatal morbidity and mortality and hence its presence should not be overlooked

Intravaginal Administration Of Misoprostol Alone Versus Misoprostol And Isosorbidemononitrate For Cervical Ripening And Labour Induction

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of intravaginal administration of misoprostol  alone versus misoprostol and  isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening and labour induction.MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred women with term gestation,  Bishop  score <4 with various indications for labour induction were randomly divided into two groups. In Group I, 50 µg of misoprostol tablet was placed intravaginally, 4 hourly maximum upto 4 doses. In Group II,50 µg of misoprostol tablet with 40mg of isosorbide mononitrate was placed intravaginally in posterior fornix upto 4 doses.RESULTS: Two groups were similar in their clinical characteristics. The induction to delivery interval  was 20.8±2.9 hours vs 14.2±2.7 hours in two groups respectively. Misoprostol and isosorbide mononitrate was associated with a shorter induction to delivery interval, decreased oxytocin requirement higher rate of  vaginal delivery i.e 62.8% Vs 53.9% . Uterine hyperstimulation was more common with misoprostol. Neonatal outcome was similar in both the groups.CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that both intravaginal misoprostol and combination of isosorbide mononitrate and misoprostol are safe and effective modes of labour induction. Isosorbide mononitrate and misoprostol is more effective than misoprostol alone in terms of  shorter induction to active phase interval and induction to delivery interval.  

Ultrasonographic measurement of placental thickness and its correlation with estimated fetal weight

Background: The human placenta develops with the principal function of providing nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. Objective of present study was to assess the relationship between placental thickness with estimated fetal weight.Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study and includes 152 pregnant women with known last menstrual period, history of regular menstruation, singleton pregnancy and aged between 20 and 35 years. After Institutional Ethics Committee approval all recruited women were observed for baseline demographic and obstetric data including age, parity and past medical events at first antenatal visit. All women provided an informed written consent and underwent ultrasound evaluation of placental thickness at 18 to 40 weeks of gestation.Results: In the present study the mean placental thickness between the ranges of 18-40mm was 31.63±4.79mm and the mean estimated fetal birth weight was 2145.86±121.24grams. The pearson’s correlation coefficient between the two was 0.982. Thus, proving the significant positive correlation between placental thickness and estimated fetal birth weight (p-value <0.001).Conclusions: Estimated fetal weight is a very important component of antenatal care in which ultrasonography plays an important role. Placental thickness measured at the level of umblical cord insertion can be used as an accurate sonographic indicator in the assessment of fetal weight because of its linear correlation. Therefore, it can be used as an additional sonographic tool in assessing fetal weight

Clinical outcomes of surgically corrected atrial septal defects

Objective: To examine the outcomes of surgical repair of atrial septal defects in paediatric and adult patients. Methods: The retrospective study comprised data of 84 patients who had undergone surgical correction of atrial septal defect at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, between June 2006 and December 2011. All patients with isolated atrial septal defect (ostium secundum, ostium primum and sinus venosus with or without partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection) were included. Clinical and transthoracic echocardiographic data was reviewed. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were no deaths in the study population. The mean time for follow-up was 6.5±9.9 months. Most of the patients (n=80; 95.2%) were in New York Heart Association class I at follow-up, while the remaining 4(4.8%) were in New York Heart Association class II. Post-operatively, 8 (9.5%) patients developed brief episodes of arrhythmias. There were 3 (3.57%) patients who were re-admitted within 30 days; 2 (66.7%) had superficial wound infection, while 1 (33.3%) had to be re-opened because of cardiac tamponade. Conclusion: Surgical repair of atrial septal defects is a safe procedure which is associated with excellent results and low morbidity