Comparative effectiveness of inter-simple sequence repeat and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers to study genetic diversity of Indian Garcinia

A study to compare the effectiveness of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling was carried out with a total of 65 DNA samples using 12 species of Indian Garcinia. ISSR and RAPD profiling were performed with 19 and 12 primers, respectively. ISSR markers generated a total number of 156 bands with 92 polymorphic bands, while RAPD markers produced a total of 134 bands with 80 polymorphic bands. Percentage of polymorphic loci in RAPD profiling was 60.4% while in ISSR profiling, it was 59.3%. Heterogeneity index was similar for the markers, 0.86 for ISSR and 0.89 for RAPD, indicating that both the marker systems are effective in determining polymorphism in Garcinia. ISSR markers showed clear distinction among the species whereas RAPD markers showed segregation based on geographical location as well as species based.Key words: Garcinia, genetic diversity, inter-simple sequence repeats, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, principal component analysis

Study on yield and quality of flowered and non-flowered turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) plants

Study on yield and quality of flowered and non-flowered turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) plant

Identification of suitable areas and effect of climate change on ginger - a GIS study.

Secondary data of area, production and productivity of ginger have consistently shown aincreasing trend during the last 3 decades. Increase in area is not always in proportion withe increase in production. Thirty years area and production curves of the important ginggrowing states are compared with the Eco-crop suitability model which indicated thsuitability has direct impact on production. Orissa, West Bengal, Mizoram and Kerala avery highly suitable while North western states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, UttarpradesMadhya Pradesh are marginally suitable or unsuitable. North eastern and south westestates are ideally highly suitable for ginger cultivation. Future prediction of Eco-crop  modshows, if the temperature increase by 1.5 to 2ºC, the suitability of Orissa and West Bengwill reduce drastically from high suitability to marginally suitable, indicating the effect climate change. &nbsp

Isozyme diversity of Garcinia gummigutta (L.) N. Robson in Western Ghat region, South India

Isozyme genetic markers are efficient tools to study genetic variations within and betweenpopulations of less known wild species as well as for studies on spatial distribution of geneticvariation.  A study  was conducted with  four  important  isozyme markers namely, peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase, esterase and superoxide dismutase in Garcinia gummigutta  populationcollected from Western Ghats in South India. The cluster analysis of the marker bands showedthat most of the population from similar geographic locations was the first one to groupthemselves, though a significant pattern was not noticed. The mean percentage of polymorphicloci was 52.5%. Total heterozygocity was 0.97 which is consistent with the average of tropicaltree species. &nbsp

<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN" lang="EN">In vitro </span></i><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN" lang="EN">and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">in vivo </i>adventitious bud differentiation from mature seeds of three <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Garcinia </i>spp. </span>

65-72<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN" lang="EN">An efficient method of propagation of three endemic species of Garcinia Linn.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">, viz. G. indica Choisy, G. tinctoria Dunn. and G. gummi-gutta (Linn.) N. Robs. was developed to produce plantlets with high level of shoot multiplications and root formations since the traditional methods of propagation of Garcinia has some limitations. Propagation studies conducted in present investigation has shown that MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP, 2.5 mg/l) gave best response and induced multiple shoot initiation. Root initiation took place in MS medium with or without α-Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) but root elongation was faster in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of NAA. Variation in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">in vitro responses were observed in all these three species. In vivo seed germination studies were conducted to understand the seed germination pattern in these species. This technique can be used for multiplication of elite genotypes and conservation of Garcinia species. </span

Standardization of DNA isolation and PCR parameters in <i style="">Garcinia </i>spp. for RAPD analysis

424-426Doyle and Doyle protocol with a little modification was used for the isolation of DNA from leaves and fruit rind of Garcinia spp. In case of leaves and dry fruit rind, the best DNA isolation was possible with 4% CTAB (100 mM Tris, 30 mM EDTA & 1.4 M NaCl), followed by 1.5% PVP and 0.3% mercaptoethanol. In case of fresh fruit rind, the DNA was best isolated with 2% CTAB (100 mM Tris, 30 mM EDTA & 1.4 M NaCl). PCR parameters were optimized using random RAPD primers. Other parameters included the DNA concentration at 50 ng/reaction, annealing temperature of 43°C, 2.5 mM dNTP in presence of 1 U Taq DNA polymerase and 2.0 mM MgCl2. The protocol will be of great help to study the genetic diversity of Garcinia germplasms. </span

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US">Identification of molecular markers to study the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Garcinia</i> spp. diversity</span>

400-405<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">The genus Garcinia shows a considerable variation in its morphological characters such as leaf, flower and fruit with taxonomic ambiguity. It is a potential under-exploited multipurpose crop that gained considerable attention for the presence of (<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-US">-) hydroxycitric acid, an anti-obesity compound, in its fruit rind and leaves. Here, we evaluated the genetic relationship through molecular markers among the selected 9 species commonly available in the Western Ghats and the Northeastern Himalayan foot hills of India. The nucleotide sequence data obtained from two prominent monomorphic bands generated in ISSR profiling of the species was utilized for the study. The selected bands were found to be of ITS region (700 bp) and partial region of KNOX-1 gene (600 bp). The evolutionary cluster was formed using MEGA5 software. The study indicated 2 major clusters, influenced by floral morphology of the species and availability of (<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa;="" mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-US">-) hydroxycitric acid in their fruit rinds. In the subclusters, one species from the Western Ghats were paired with another from Northeastern Himalayas with relatively similar morphological traits.</span

<b>Site Suitability for turmeric production in India </b><b></b><b>—</b><b> A GIS interpretation</b>

142-147India has 1,49,410 hectares area under turmeric cultivation with a total annual production of 527,960 tonnes. The compound growth rate of turmeric area is 6.30 and production is 3.37 when comparing 2000 levels over those of 1970. It shows that the increase in area is not having significant effect over the production rate. In the present paper the suitability maps and area productivity graphs are given to show, the position of turmeric in the important turmeric growing states. It was found that site suitability is an important factor to determine the productivity of the crop. A highly suitable location may not result in larger yields than suitable or marginally suitable areas. Suitability maps are useful to determine areas which will have the greatest success for growing a particular crop in a region

<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">Evaluation of genetic stability of micropropagated plants of three species of <i>Garcinia</i> using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers </span>

341-343<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-GB">Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to analyze the genetic stability of micropropagated as well as mother plants of three species of Garcinia, viz., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">G. gummigutta, G. indica, and G. tinctoria. Twelve RAPD primers and four ISSR primers generated clear, distinct and reproducible bands. Total genomic DNA extracted from fresh leaves of in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">vitro regenerated as well as mother plants was used for developing RAPD and ISSR profiles. All RAPD and ISSR profiles from micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to those of the field grown mother plants. No genetic variation was detected within the micropropagated plants in comparison to their mother plants. The results indicate that the Garcinia plants regenerated using micropropagation system standardized at our laboratory were genetically stable.</span

Diversity of ginger cultivation in India - a GIS study

The climatic conditions of important ginger (Zingiber officinale) growing states of India wereanalysed with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS). The Eco-crop model ofDIVA-GIS indicated that Orissa, West Bengal, north eastern States and Kerala are &nbsp; environ-mentally most suitable for ginger cultivation. &nbsp