Synthesis, characterization and applications of cubic fluorite cerium oxide nanoparticles: A comprehensive study

Rare earth oxides are the most promising candidates for catalyst, environmental, biological, and medical uses. In this study, we report the synthesis, characterization, and applications of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs). CeO2 NPs were successfully synthesized by a simple and cost-effective chemical precipitation method. Several characterization techniques were employed to investigate the synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles. Structural properties of CeO2 NPs were analysed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The average crystallite size of NPs was calculated by using the Debye Scherrer formula. The atomic position and structural parameters of synthesized NPs were determined by rietveld refinement process of X-ray diffractogram. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) was used to confirm the chemical and elemental composition of the synthesized CeO2 NPs. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used to determine the average particle size of the CeO2 NPs. The polycrystalline nature of CeO2 NPs was confirmed by the ring pattern obtained in selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was employed to identify defects in the sample. UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to study the optical properties and parameters of the CeO2 NPs, and the refractive index was calculated using various theoretical models. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized CeO2 NPs was studied for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye at different catalyst doses under UV light irradiation. Additionally, the anticancer activity of the synthesized CeO2 NPs against human lung carcinoma cells was studied in detail

Maslinic Acid Inhibits Proliferation of Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines and Suppresses Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells

Despite the introduction of many novel therapeutics in clinical practice, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a treatment-resistant cancer. As red and processed meat are considered risk factors for RCC, and a vegetable-rich diet is thought to reduce this risk, research into plant-based therapeutics may provide valuable complementary or alternative therapeutics for the management of RCC. Herein, we present the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of maslinic acid, which occurs naturally in edible plants, particularly in olive fruits, and also in a variety of medicinal plants. Human RCC cell lines (ACHN, Caki-1, and SN12K1), endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cell line [HUVEC]), and primary cultures of kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) were treated with maslinic acid. Maslinic acid was relatively less toxic to PTEC when compared with RCC under similar experimental conditions. In RCC cell lines, maslinic acid induced a significant reduction in proliferation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and colony formation. In HUVEC, maslinic acid induced a significant reduction in capillary tube formation in vitro and vascular endothelial growth factor. This study provides a rationale for incorporating a maslinic acid-rich diet either to reduce the risk of developing kidney cancer or as an adjunct to existing antiangiogenic therapy to improve efficacy

Apoptosis induction capability of silver nanoparticles capped with Acorus calamus L. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Ex DC. against lung carcinoma cells

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using a one-step reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent. Plant extracts from D. sissoo (DS) and A. calamus L. (AC) leaves were incorporated during the synthesis process. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming the face-centered cubic structure, with a lattice constant of 4.08 Å and a crystallite size of 18 nm. Field Emission Gun Transmission Electron Microscopy (FEG-TEM) revealed spherical AgNPs (10–20 nm) with evident PVP adsorption, leading to size changes and agglomeration. UV–Vis spectra showed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 417 nm for AgNPs and a redshift to 420 nm for PVP-coated AgNPs, indicating successful synthesis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified functional groups and drug-loaded samples exhibited characteristic peaks, confirming effective drug loading. The anti-cancer potential of synthesized NPs was assessed by MTT assay in human adenocarcinoma lung cancer (A549) and lung normal cells (WI-38) cells. IC50 values for all three NPs (AgPVP NPs, DS@AgPVP NPs, and AC@AgPVP NPs) were 41.60 ± 2.35, 14.25 ± 1.85, and 21.75 ± 0.498 μg/ml on A549 cells, and 420.69 ± 2.87, 408.20 ± 3.41, and 391.80 ± 1.55 μg/ml respectively. Furthermore, the NPs generated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Differential staining techniques were used to investigate the apoptosis-inducing properties of the three synthesized NPs. The colony formation assay indicated that nanoparticle therapy prevented cancer cell invasion. Finally, Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis predicted the expression pattern of many apoptosis-related genes (Caspase 3, 9, and 8)

Visible light-driven photocatalysts, quantum chemical calculations, ADMET-SAR parameters, and DNA binding studies of nickel complex of sulfadiazine

Abstract A 3D-supramolecular nickel integrated Ni-SDZ complex was synthesized using sodium salt of sulfadiazine as the ligand and nickel(II) acetate as the metal salt using a condensation process and slow evaporation approach to growing the single crystal. The metal complex was characterized for its composition, functional groups, surface morphology as well as complex 3D structure, by resorting to various analytical techniques. The interacting surface and stability as well as reactivity of the complex were carried out using the DFT platform. From ADMET parameters, human Intestinal Absorbance data revealed that the compound has the potential to be well absorbed, and also Ni-SDZ complex cannot cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, the complex's DNA binding affinity and in-vivo and in-vitro cytotoxic studies were explored utilizing UV–Vis absorbance titration, viscosity measurements, and S. pombe cells and brine shrimp lethality tests. In visible light radiation, the Ni-SDZ complex displayed exceptional photo-degradation characteristics of approximately 70.19% within 70 min against methylene blue (MB)