Effectiveness of a Digital Intervention in Increasing Flu Vaccination Related Risk Appraisal, Intention to Vaccinate and Vaccination Behaviour Amongst Pregnant Women

© The Author(s) 2022. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, to view a copy of the license, see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Background Pregnant women are at increased risk of complications from flu, but uptake of flu vaccination is below national targets of 75%. Evidence suggests that changing illness risk appraisals may be an effective strategy for increasing vaccination behaviour. In 2018-19, a team of researchers, public health specialists, and pregnant women co-designed a short, animated video targeting (unhelpful) beliefs underlying pregnant women’s risk appraisals of flu with the aim of promoting vaccination uptake. Aims This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a digital intervention (a short animation) in increasing flu vaccination uptake amongst pregnant women through changing illness risk appraisals. Method A prospective study design was used. Participants were a convenience sample of unvaccinated pregnant women recruited via a Qualtrics Online Panel. Participants received a small payment via the panel company for survey completion. Risk appraisals and intention to vaccinate were measured at baseline and immediately after presentation of the intervention (follow-up one). Approximately six months later, a further survey (follow-up two) was administered to measure vaccination behaviour. Results The baseline and the first follow-up survey were completed by 411 participants. The second follow-up survey was completed by 67 participants. Watching the animation led to an increase in women’s appraisals of the likelihood of getting flu whist pregnant and of the severity of flu during pregnancy, and also increased intentions to have the flu vaccination during pregnancy. Of the 67 respondents who completed the follow-up survey, 38 reported having the vaccination whilst pregnant. Conclusions This study provides evidence that supports the promise of the intervention. An RCT is however required to produce definitive evidence of efficacy. Should such a study prove the intervention to be effective, it could be readily embedded within existing social media campaigns delivered at national and local levels by public health organisations in the UK.Peer reviewe

An integrative approach to professional development to support college- and career- readiness standards.

Though scholars agree that professional development (PD) is a key mechanism for implementing education policies that call for teacher change, and that PD generally needs to be content-focused, active, collaborative, coherent, and sustained, the application of this framework has yielded mixed results. In this qualitative study, we employed structured interviewing methods to explore how district leaders across five states are implementing college- and career- readiness (CCR) standards across the United States by creatively adapting and integrating the features of this PD framework in order to meet the demands of this mandated educational policy. We illustrate a revised model for how 70 district officials are conceptualizing these features of PD to support CCR standards-based learning

Effectiveness of a digital intervention in increasing flu vaccination–related risk appraisal, intention to vaccinate and vaccination behaviour among pregnant women

Background Pregnant women are at increased risk of complications from flu, but uptake of flu vaccination is below 75% targets. Evidence suggests that changing illness risk appraisals may increase vaccination behaviour. In 2018–2019, researchers, public health specialists, and pregnant women co-designed a short animation targeting (unhelpful) beliefs underlying pregnant women’s flu risk appraisals aiming t0 promote vaccination uptake. Aims This study aimed to examine effectiveness of a digital intervention (animation) in increasing flu vaccination among pregnant women through changing illness risk appraisals. Method A prospective study design was used, involving convenience sampling of unvaccinated pregnant women recruited via a Qualtrics Online Panel. Participants received small payments via the panel for survey completion. Risk appraisals and intention to vaccinate were measured at baseline and immediately after intervention presentation (follow-up one). Six months later, a further survey (follow-up two) was administered measuring vaccination behaviour. Results Baseline and first follow-up surveys were completed by 411 participants. Watching the animation led to increased appraisals of likelihood of getting flu while pregnant and severity of flu during pregnancy, and increased intentions to accept flu vaccination during pregnancy. Of the 67 respondents who completed follow-up survey two, 38 reported having the vaccination while pregnant. Conclusions This study provides evidence supporting the promise of the intervention. Randomized controlled trials are required to produce definitive efficacy evidence. Should such a study prove intervention effectiveness, it could be readily embedded within existing campaigns at national and local levels by public health organizations

The Order of Things: A series of examinations, through exhibition and publication, of contemporary interpretations of Systems in relation to legacies of Concrete and Abstract Art

The Order of Things was a survey exhibition, publication and seminar. The project explored how contemporary artists have built upon, questioned and expanded legacies of abstraction, in particular through uses of systems. The project demonstrated how artists interrogate experience, social convention, the gallery as cultural site in order to explore broader ideas of how individuals and groups perceive and interpret the nature of human reality through forms of visualisation. It examined how a human desire for aesthetic experience can be a means of mediating social and political positions. The title, The Order of Things, is taken from Michel Foucault’s 1966 book, Les Mots et les Choses. Underpinning Foucault’s discussion is the anthropological argument that human categorisation strategy –how we label things –is limited. In parallel to this canonical philosophical reference point, 1977 print portfolio Rational Concepts, a copy of which Bick was gifted by artist Jeffrey Steele, was included in the exhibition to locate archivally the visual reference to the original Systems art movement. The exhibition uses this source to examine the proposition that visual systemization within art practice is an ongoing and divergent process. The collaborative curatorial methodology generated a deliberately varied set of responses to the key questions of the exhibition ranging through painting, video, sculpture, drawing, documented performance and other media and material combinations. Though predominantly non-representational, many works included offset their physical characteristics with a figurative title, deliberately mismatches language and image. Here the question is that of how a characteristic can be transformed, through repetition and variation, from a squiggle to something legible and comprehensible. Conversely, other works position their approach to systems around the extent to which a symbol can degenerate before it becomes indecipherable. Here the key methodology is one of disruption within a system, proposing that the true legacy of systems in contemporary art practice is as a locator of the unpredictable and un-nameable within perception and human behavior

Do automated digital health behaviour change interventions have a positive effect on self-efficacy? A systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2019 Taylor & Francis. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Health Psychology Review on 20/01/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2019.1705873.Self-efficacy is an important determinant of health behaviour. Digital interventions are a potentially acceptable and cost-effective way of delivering programmes of health behaviour change at scale. Whether behaviour change interventions work to increase self-efficacy in this context is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to identify whether automated digital interventions are associated with positive changes in self-efficacy amongst non-clinical populations for five major health behaviours, and which BCTs are associated with that change. A systematic literature search identified 20 studies (n=5624) that assessed changes in self-efficacy and were included in a random effects meta-analysis. Interventions targeted: healthy eating (k=4), physical activity (k=9), sexual behaviour (k=3), and smoking (k=4). No interventions targeting alcohol use were identified. Overall, interventions had a small, positive effect on self-efficacy (푔 = 0.190, CI [0.078; 0.303]). The effect of interventions on self-efficacy did not differ as a function of health behaviour type (Qbetween = 7.3704 p = 0.061, df = 3). Inclusion of the BCT ‘information about social and environmental consequences’ had a small, negative effect on self-efficacy (Δ푔= - 0.297, Q=7.072, p=0.008). Whilst this review indicates that digital interventions can be used to change self-efficacy, which techniques work best in this context is not clear.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Pediatric Cancer Genetics Research and an Evolving Preventive Ethics Approach for Return of Results after Death of the Subject

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115941/1/jlme12295.pd

Study of capsule endoscopy delivery at scale through enhanced artificial intelligence-enabled analysis (the CESCAIL study)

Funding Information: This study is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) (funder award NIHR AI_AWARD02440).Peer reviewe

Study of capsule endoscopy delivery at scale through enhanced artificial intelligence‐enabled analysis (the CESCAIL study)

Aim Lower gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostics have been facing relentless capacity constraints for many years, even before the COVID-19 era. Restrictions from the COVID pandemic have resulted in a significant backlog in lower GI diagnostics. Given recent developments in deep neural networks (DNNs) and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in endoscopy, automating capsule video analysis is now within reach. Comparable to the efficiency and accuracy of AI applications in small bowel capsule endoscopy, AI in colon capsule analysis will also improve the efficiency of video reading and address the relentless demand on lower GI services. The aim of the CESCAIL study is to determine the feasibility, accuracy and productivity of AI-enabled analysis tools (AiSPEED) for polyp detection compared with the ‘gold standard’: a conventional care pathway with clinician analysis. Method This multi-centre, diagnostic accuracy study aims to recruit 674 participants retrospectively and prospectively from centers conducting colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) as part of their standard care pathway. After the study participants have undergone CCE, the colon capsule videos will be uploaded onto two different pathways: AI-enabled video analysis and the gold standard conventional clinician analysis pathway. The reports generated from both pathways will be compared for accuracy (sensitivity and specificity). The reading time can only be compared in the prospective cohort. In addition to validating the AI tool, this study will also provide observational data concerning its use to assess the pathway execution in real-world performance. Results The study is currently recruiting participants at multiple centers within the United Kingdom and is at the stage of collecting data. Conclusion This standard diagnostic accuracy study carries no additional risk to patients as it does not affect the standard care pathway, and hence patient care remains unaffected

The Order of Things: A series of examinations, through exhibition and publication, of contemporary interpretations of Systems in relation to legacies of Concrete and Abstract Art

The Order of Things was a survey exhibition, publication and seminar. The project explored how contemporary artists have built upon, questioned and expanded legacies of abstraction, in particular through uses of systems. The project demonstrated how artists interrogate experience, social convention, the gallery as cultural site in order to explore broader ideas of how individuals and groups perceive and interpret the nature of human reality through forms of visualisation. It examined how a human desire for aesthetic experience can be a means of mediating social and political positions. The title, The Order of Things, is taken from Michel Foucault’s 1966 book, Les Mots et les Choses. Underpinning Foucault’s discussion is the anthropological argument that human categorisation strategy –how we label things –is limited. In parallel to this canonical philosophical reference point, 1977 print portfolio Rational Concepts, a copy of which Bick was gifted by artist Jeffrey Steele, was included in the exhibition to locate archivally the visual reference to the original Systems art movement. The exhibition uses this source to examine the proposition that visual systemization within art practice is an ongoing and divergent process. The collaborative curatorial methodology generated a deliberately varied set of responses to the key questions of the exhibition ranging through painting, video, sculpture, drawing, documented performance and other media and material combinations. Though predominantly non-representational, many works included offset their physical characteristics with a figurative title, deliberately mismatches language and image. Here the question is that of how a characteristic can be transformed, through repetition and variation, from a squiggle to something legible and comprehensible. Conversely, other works position their approach to systems around the extent to which a symbol can degenerate before it becomes indecipherable. Here the key methodology is one of disruption within a system, proposing that the true legacy of systems in contemporary art practice is as a locator of the unpredictable and un-nameable within perception and human behavior