A programmed labour protocol for optimizing labour and delivery

Background: Objectives: 1) To evaluate the effect of programmed labor on duration of labor 2) To assess efficiency of analgesics in reducing severity of labor pains and 3) To find out any maternal and fetal/neonatal complications.Methods: 100 primigravida pregnant women meeting inclusion criteria admitted in labor room 50 were randomly enrolled in study group and 50 in control group.Results: Significant reduction in duration of active phase of labor and 43 (86%) cases had pain relief. Out of them 20 (40%) cases experienced excellent pain relief while in controls, only 22% had pain relief.Conclusions: Labour analgesia ensures pain relief, avoid maternal hyperventilation controls alteration of placental circulation thereby safe guarding the fetus against hypoxia. Thus programmed labor is easy, simple and effective method for painless deliver

Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant women from Rural Background Attending Antenatal Care Clinic

Objective: To assess the incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in pregnant women from rural background attending antenatal care clinic. Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Incidence of GDM is increasing worldwide for recent trends in obesity and advancing maternal age, with huge healthcare and economic costs. Depending on the population studied and the diagnostic test employed, prevalence may range from 2.4 to 21 per cent of all pregnancies. Method: 75 gm OGTT was performed on pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, incidence then calculated. Result: Out of 511 patients studied, maximum percentage of patients with GDM (42.85%) were seen in age group of >/= 36 years, followed by 31-35 years (9.84%). Incidence of GDM in rural area of Jaipur in our study was 03.32%. Conclusion: Of total 511 patients 17 patients were diagnosed to have Gestational Diabetes Mellitus thus incidence came out to be 3.32%. Out of these 17 GDM patients, 3 (17.64%) patients were diagnosed in first trimester and thus diagnosing pregnant patients with high risk factors in first trimester, proved to be beneficial as early diagnosis and treatment reduces maternal and fetal complications. Association of presence of risk factors and GDM was not statistically significant and would have missed 13 (76.47%) patients

Causes of female infertility by Diagnostic Laproscopy

Objective: To evaluate the causes of primary female infertility with diagnostic laproscopy. Study Design: This study is a case series. Place and Duration of Study: The study has been carried out in Obstetric and Gynaecology department in National Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS) College and Hospital, Jaipur,, Rajasthan, from September 2013 to July 2014. The tubal patency was tested by chromopertubation using methylene blue dye. Methodology: Inclusion criteria include all primary infertile females who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy during the study period & Normal pelvic examination. Couples who had not lived together for at least one year & Women with medical disorders and contraindications for laproscopic surgery were excluded from study. Results: Out of 100 primary infertility women, mean age of infertility was 27.5 years. Maximum number of patient’s presented with infertility of duration less than six years. 43% had tubal blockage as the most common finding which was followed by pelvic adhesions. Bilateral tubal block was diagnosed maximum by laproscopy and HSG combined i.e. 40% followed by laprosopy alone in 32% cases. Conclusion: Most common causes responsible for primary infertility in women were tubal occlusion, peritubal and periovarian adhesions and endometriosis

Overview on scope and advancement in regenerative medicine

Regenerative medicine is the science of replacing engineering, regenerating human cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function and has now reached its potential due to its ability to deliver cell and tissue constructs to the human body thus providing therapeutic assistance of its innate healing responses. It further comprehends the cellular and molecular differences between regenerating and non-regenerating tissues thus resulting in restoring tissue structure and function in damaged, non-regenerating tissues. Replaced or repaired tissues should be indistinguishable from normal, healthy tissues in structure and function. Cellular therapy is one such strategy wherein various cell types are isolated and used that help in understanding their mechanism of action as well as their regenerative properties when they are utilized with different biomaterials as an extracellular matrix. As scaffolds provide targeted cell growth, stem cell delivery through scaffolding technology is another regenerative therapy that is used. The process of electrospinning is used for the generation of scaffolds. Problems like the unavailability of organs for transplantation prevails and thus regenerative medicine therapy has proved to be applicable in such cases.&nbsp

A versatile method for enumeration and characterization of circulating tumor cells from patients with breast cancer

Aim: To establish a standardized protocol for the isolation and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer.Methods: The protocol used tumor cells spiked in a lymphoid cell line with detection by flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). Cells of the human mammary cancer subtypes were spiked into Jurkat cells, which served as the lymphocyte designate in numbers from 10 to 500 per 105 Jurkat cells. This mixed population was probed for CD45, EpCAM, and pancytokeratin acquired from flow cytometry and characterized by microscopy. QRT-PCR was done for CK-19, MUC-1, EpCAM, and GAPDH. Validation was attained with blood samples from 22 patients with metastatic breast cancer and 20 healthy individuals.Results: Flow cytometry could detect 1 breast cancer cell per 100,000 Jurkat cells, with similar detection levels in the breast cancer subtypes. Samples from patients with breast cancer showed a range of CTCs from 1-85 per 10 mL of blood. Quantitation of expression for EpCAM, CK-19, Muc-1, and Her2neu confirmed the presence of CTCs in 76% of samples.Conclusion: Density gradient and immunomagnetic enrichment accomplished isolation of CTCs and quantitation was achieved using flow cytometry. Combined QRT-PCR and imaging further validated these findings, rendering a robust methodology