Self-Seeded RSOAs WDM PON Field Trial for Business and Mobile Fronthaul Applications

GEth, CPRI and 10 Gbit/s transmissions are experimented using amplified and standard self-seeded RSOA WDM PON systems. A field trial setup was exploited to test the system performance in terms of reach and optical budget

Large-scale validation and benchmarking of a network of power-conservative systems using ETSI's Green Abstraction Layer

The increasing energy demands of networks and networked devices represent a threat to the development of the Future Internet. In this respect, recent research projects were devoted to extending next generation networks, architectures and protocols in the green direction. This paper presents a complex demonstration network specifically designed to assess the viability and the real impact of green networking mechanisms on industrial prototypes. The demonstrator reproduces a complete wire-line network chain from the core devices to the subscriber terminals, integrating quite a few green mechanisms able to interoperate efficiently and achieve significant reductions in energy consumption. The experimental results and the ensuing impact analysis show how the aggregation of multiple devices with green capabilities can guarantee a satisfactory performance level, while also allowing huge energy savings

Upcoming applications driving the design of next-generation metro area networks:Dealing with 5G backhaul/fronthaul and edge-cloud computing

This article provides insight on two of the most relevant applications driving the design of the future MAN: the implementation of 5G by means of C-RAN (Cloud - Radio Area Network) and the deployment of edge computing. The work addresses important questions such as the target latency budget for future MANs, the target bandwidth requirements for 2020-2030 induced by 5G midhaul and fronthaul traffic, and describes how optical and electronics layers can co-operate to meet the QoS targets of C-RAN and edge computing traffic. In the process, we identify the key architectural elements to meet the challenges of these applications in a cost-effective way.</p

Paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in obese and severely obese women

<p>Obesity is independently associated with disturbances in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, and is a well-established independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a pleotropic high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proprieties that have been suggested to contribute to the athero-protective function of the lipoprotein. The aim of this study was to investigate whether obesity is associated with PON1 activity and whether this association is influenced by oxidative stress, inflammation and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration. The promiscuous activities, arylesterase and paraoxonase, and the putative physiological activity, lactonase, of PON1 were assessed in the serum of 214 obese and severely obese, 101 overweight and 129 normal-weight women. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hydroperoxides (by-products of lipid oxidative damage) and lipid profiles were also evaluated. Arylesterase activity was the only activity that significantly differed across the groups (ANOVA, <i>p</i> < .01), with the greatest decrease observed in individuals with body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m² compared to controls (<i>p</i> < .001). This activity was also inversely, although weakly (<i>r</i> = −0.160, <i>p</i> < .001) correlated with the BMI, and the association was independent of age and levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, but not of HDL-C concentration. In conclusion, our results suggest that the apparent obesity-associated decrement of PON1 activity might simply reflect the decrease in concentration of its plasmatic carrier.</p

Paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in obese and severely obese women

<p>Obesity is independently associated with disturbances in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, and is a well-established independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a pleotropic high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proprieties that have been suggested to contribute to the athero-protective function of the lipoprotein. The aim of this study was to investigate whether obesity is associated with PON1 activity and whether this association is influenced by oxidative stress, inflammation and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration. The promiscuous activities, arylesterase and paraoxonase, and the putative physiological activity, lactonase, of PON1 were assessed in the serum of 214 obese and severely obese, 101 overweight and 129 normal-weight women. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hydroperoxides (by-products of lipid oxidative damage) and lipid profiles were also evaluated. Arylesterase activity was the only activity that significantly differed across the groups (ANOVA, <i>p</i> < .01), with the greatest decrease observed in individuals with body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m² compared to controls (<i>p</i> < .001). This activity was also inversely, although weakly (<i>r</i> = −0.160, <i>p</i> < .001) correlated with the BMI, and the association was independent of age and levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, but not of HDL-C concentration. In conclusion, our results suggest that the apparent obesity-associated decrement of PON1 activity might simply reflect the decrease in concentration of its plasmatic carrier.</p