Exploiting dense shell/packing principles to invoke stereoselectivity in a reaction accelerated by a chiral dendrimer

As dendrimers approach their dense shell or dense packed limit, a certain amount of conformational organization exists. Any substrate binding within the dendrimer’s external layerwill experience the same organizational effects. This paper describes how these effects can be exploited towards stereocontrol with respect to binding and reactivity

Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in COVID-19.

Host-mediated lung inflammation is present1, and drives mortality2, in the critical illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Host genetic variants associated with critical illness may identify mechanistic targets for therapeutic development3. Here we report the results of the GenOMICC (Genetics Of Mortality In Critical Care) genome-wide association study in 2,244 critically ill patients with COVID-19 from 208 UK intensive care units. We have identified and replicated the following new genome-wide significant associations: on chromosome 12q24.13 (rs10735079, P = 1.65 × 10-8) in a gene cluster that encodes antiviral restriction enzyme activators (OAS1, OAS2 and OAS3); on chromosome 19p13.2 (rs74956615, P = 2.3 × 10-8) near the gene that encodes tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2); on chromosome 19p13.3 (rs2109069, P = 3.98 ×  10-12) within the gene that encodes dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9); and on chromosome 21q22.1 (rs2236757, P = 4.99 × 10-8) in the interferon receptor gene IFNAR2. We identified potential targets for repurposing of licensed medications: using Mendelian randomization, we found evidence that low expression of IFNAR2, or high expression of TYK2, are associated with life-threatening disease; and transcriptome-wide association in lung tissue revealed that high expression of the monocyte-macrophage chemotactic receptor CCR2 is associated with severe COVID-19. Our results identify robust genetic signals relating to key host antiviral defence mechanisms and mediators of inflammatory organ damage in COVID-19. Both mechanisms may be amenable to targeted treatment with existing drugs. However, large-scale randomized clinical trials will be essential before any change to clinical practice

Uses of the dSNAP cluster analysis software for studying geometric information extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database

A review is presented of the applications of the dSNAP cluster analysis software to the analysis of structural geometries extracted from the Cambridge Structural Database

The impact of public Iinfrastructure on the productivity of the Chilian economy

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the change in infrastructure capital on the cost structure of the Chilean economy, and thereby on productivity, differentiating between two key institutional periods. A further aim is to establish the extent to which infrastructure capital formation affects private capital. The authors use an econometric estimation of the cost elasticity of infrastructure. Conclusions indicate that an increased infrastructure capital reduces the production cost of the economy, thereby increasing productivity, mostly in the second period. In turn, especially in this latter period, infrastructure capital formation appears to assert both a positive cost-share effect on private capital and a negative cost-share effect on labor. These effects can be explained to a large extent by the significant differences between the institutional structures of the two consecutive periods studied

Martians, demons, vampires, and vicars: the Church of England in post-war science fiction

British science fiction is noteworthy for its juxtaposition of the familiar with the threatening, notably locating alien invasions in the Home Counties. This apposition can mean that one emblem of traditional Englishness - the Church of England - sits in tension with a cosmology which includes Martians, alien demons, and other preternatural menaces which challenge Christian teachings on the origins and mechanics of both earthly and heavenly realms. Particular science fiction texts, written after the last period of numerical growth for the Church of England, interpret this institution's decline. This article analyses the largely overlooked contribution of science fiction to understanding and charting this decline