Kinetic Energy Principle And Neoclassical Toroidal Torque In Tokamaks

It is shown that when tokamaks are perturbed the kinetic energy principle is closely related to the neoclassical toroidal torque by the action invariance of particles. Especially when tokamaks are perturbed from scalar pressure equilibria, the imaginary part of the potential energy in the kinetic energy principle is equivalent to the toroidal torque by the Neoclassical Toroidal Viscosity (NTV). A unified description therefore should be made for both physics. It is also shown in this case that the potential energy operator can be self-adjoint and thus the stability calculation can be simplified by minimizing the potential energ

Optimal Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Potassium-competitive Acid Blockers

A variety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been developed in Korea since the introduction of omeprazole (the first PPI) in 1989. PPIs have served as the basic therapeutic approach for the management of gastric acid-related diseases for 30 years and remain among the most widely used drugs. Recently, potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) have been developed both in Korea and abroad, demonstrating superior or non-inferior effects compared to existing PPIs in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease or Helicobacter pylori eradication, among others. Indications vary based on the various types and dosages of PPIs and PCABs, and several factors, including patients’ underlying disease, safety profile, particularly with regard to drug-drug interactions, and types of formulations of PPIs and PCABs need to be considered prior to prescribing these medications. In this article, we discuss the criteria for reimbursement of various PPIs and PCABs in Korea, along with considerations for prescribing these drugs based on patients’ underlying diseases

Identification and smart design of peptide binders recognizing target biomarkers

There is an urgent need for novel diagnostic methods capable of non-invasive, sensitive and feasible early prediction of colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma progression over conventional techniques. In this paper, we describe for the first time the use of phage display for the identification of novel peptide motifs that specifically recognize colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers for the prediction of colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma progression. We performed a biopanning of phage displayed peptide library to identify novel peptide sequences specific for promising CRC biomarker, LRG1 and TTR. The peptides specific for LRG1 that is upregulated proteins in carcinoma had an amino acid sequence with QHIMHLPHINTL, while the peptides specific for TTR that is downregulated proteins in adenoma had an amino acid sequence with VHDDFRQDWQPS. ELISA assays were used to evaluate binding affinity for their targets. As a consequence, both phage-displayed peptides were found to be sub-picomolar binding affinities for their proteins. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is used as a diagnosis tool during biosensor development, and electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are used as the detection methods in the biosensor. Overall these results demonstrate a simple platform for developing sensitive peptide-based biosensors for almost any desired protein target. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Two Higgs doublet models for the LHC Higgs boson data at s=\sqrt{s}= 7 and 8 TeV

Updated LHC data on the new 126 GeV boson during the 7 and 8 TeV runnings strengthen the standard model Higgs boson interpretation further. Through the global $\chi^2$ analysis, we investigate whether the new particle could be one of the scalar particles in two Higgs doublet models. Four types (Type I, II, X and Y) are comprehensively studied. Taking the recent analysis on the spin-parity of the new boson, we consider two scenarios: the new boson is either the light CP-even one ($h^0$) or the heavy CP-even one ($H^0$). It is found that both scenarios are consistent with the new data, not only in the parameter regions near the decoupling limit but also in other regions far from the decoupling limit. In addition, the current data are compatible with the possibility that the light Higgs boson $h^0$ is hidden in the mass window of 90-100 GeV. The diphoton or $\tau\tau$ channel can provide a probe of this possibility by the enhanced signal rates.Comment: To appear in JHE

Jamming transition in a highly dense granular system under vertical vibration

The dynamics of the jamming transition in a three-dimensional granular system under vertical vibration is studied using diffusing-wave spectroscopy. When the maximum acceleration of the external vibration is large, the granular system behaves like a fluid, with the dynamic correlation function G(t) relaxing rapidly. As the acceleration of vibration approaches the gravitational acceleration g, the relaxation of G(t) slows down dramatically, and eventually stops. Thus the system undergoes a phase transition and behaves like a solid. Near the transition point, we find that the structural relaxation shows a stretched exponential behavior. This behavior is analogous to the behavior of supercooled liquids close to the glass transition.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev.