8,140 research outputs found
Berry Phase and Pseudospin Winding Number in Bilayer Graphene
Ever since the novel quantum Hall effect in bilayer graphene was discovered,
and explained by a Berry phase of 2pi [K. S. Novoselov et al., "Unconventional
quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase of 2pi in bilayer graphene", Nature Phys.
2, 177 (2006)], it has been widely accepted that the low-energy electronic
wavefunction in this system is described by a non-trivial Berry phase of 2pi,
different from the zero phase of a conventional two-dimensional electron gas.
Here, we show that (i) the relevant Berry phase for bilayer graphene is not
different from that for a conventional two-dimensional electron gas (as
expected, given that Berry phase is only meaningful modulo 2pi) and that (ii)
what is actually observed in the quantum Hall measurements is not the absolute
value of the Berry phase but the pseudospin winding number.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, published versio
Spin Polarization of Photoelectrons from Topological Insulators
We show that the degree of spin polarization of photoelectrons from the
surface states of topological insulators is 100% if fully-polarized light is
used as in typical photoemission measurements, and hence can be significantly
"higher" than that of the initial state. Further, the spin orientation of these
photoelectrons in general can also be very different from that of the initial
surface state and is controlled by the photon polarization; a rich set of
predicted phenomena have recently been confirmed by spin- and angle-resolved
photoemission experiments.Comment: A sentence on the effect of the imaginary part of the initial-state
electron self energy is added to the published versio
Making Massless Dirac Fermions from Patterned Two-Dimensional Electron Gases
Analysis of the electronic structure of an ordinary two-dimensional electron
gas (2DEG) under an appropriate external periodic potential of hexagonal
symmetry reveals that massless Dirac fermions are generated near the corners of
the supercell Brillouin zone. The required potential parameters are found to be
achievable under or close to laboratory conditions. Moreover, the group
velocity is tunable by changing either the effective mass of the 2DEG or the
lattice parameter of the external potential, and it is insensitive to the
potential amplitude. The finding should provide a new class of systems other
than graphene for investigating and exploiting massless Dirac fermions using
2DEGs in semiconductors.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, significant revision of abstract, text, and
figure
A Reality Check on Technical Trading Rule Profits in US Futures Markets
This paper investigates the profitability of technical trading rules in US futures markets over the 1985-2004 period. To account for data snooping biases, we evaluate statistical significance of performance across technical trading rules using White's Bootstrap Reality Check test and Hansen's Superior Predictive Ability test. These methods directly quantify the effect of data snooping by testing the performance of the best rule in the context of the full universe of technical trading rules. Results show that the best rules generate statistically significant economic profits only for two of 17 futures contracts traded in the US. This evidence indicates that technical trading rules generally have not been profitable in US futures markets after correcting for data snooping biases.Marketing,
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