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A Novel Molecular Diagnostic Tool for Detection of Ilyonectria radicicola, Causal agent of Root Rot Disease of Ginseng
Orphan nuclear receptor TR2, a mediator of preadipocyte proliferation, is differentially regulated by RA through exchange of coactivator PCAF with corepressor RIP140 on a platform molecule GRIP1
Orphan nuclear receptor TR2 is a preadipocyte proliferator. Knockdown of TR2 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes reduced their proliferation efficiency, whereas specific elevation of TR2 in these cells facilitated their proliferation. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) stimulates cellular proliferation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by activating TR2 through an IR0-type RA response element, which further activates c-Myc expression. In post-differentiated adipocytes, RA becomes a repressive signal for TR2 and rapidly down-regulates its expression. The biphasic effect of RA on TR2 expression in 3T3-L1 is mediated by differential RA-dependent coregulator recruitment to the receptor/Glucocorticoid Receptor-Interacting Protein 1 (GRIP1) complex that binds IR0 on the TR2 promoter. RA induces the recruitment of histone acetyl transferase-containing/GRIP1/p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) complex to the TR2 promoter in undifferentiated cells, whereas it triggers recruitment of histone deacetylase-containing/GRIP1/receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) complex in differentiated cells. GRIP1 directly interacts with RIP140 through its carboxyl terminal AD2 domain. GRIP1 interacts with PCAF and RIP140 directly and differentially, functioning as a platform molecule to mediate differential RA-induced coregulator recruitment to TR2 promoter target. This results in a biphasic effect of RA on the expression of TR2 in undifferentiated and differentiated cells, which is required for RA-stimulated preadipocyte proliferation
Automatic Internal Stray Light Calibration of AMCW Coaxial Scanning LiDAR Using GMM and PSO
In this paper, an automatic calibration algorithm is proposed to reduce the
depth error caused by internal stray light in amplitude-modulated continuous
wave (AMCW) coaxial scanning light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Assuming that
the internal stray light generated in the process of emitting laser is static,
the amplitude and phase delay of internal stray light are estimated using the
Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO).
Specifically, the pixel positions in a raw signal amplitude map of calibration
checkboard are segmented by GMM with two clusters considering the dark and
bright image pattern. The loss function is then defined as L1-norm of
difference between mean depths of two amplitude-segmented clusters. To avoid
overfitting at a specific distance in PSO process, the calibration check board
is actually measured at multiple distances and the average of corresponding L1
loss functions is chosen as the actual loss. Such loss is minimized by PSO to
find the two optimal target parameters: the amplitude and phase delay of
internal stray light. According to the validation of the proposed algorithm,
the original loss is reduced from tens of centimeters to 3.2 mm when the
measured distances of the calibration checkboard are between 1 m and 4 m. This
accurate calibration performance is also maintained in geometrically complex
measured scene. The proposed internal stray light calibration algorithm in this
paper can be used for any type of AMCW coaxial scanning LiDAR regardless of its
optical characteristics
Highly precise AMCW time-of-flight scanning sensor based on digital-parallel demodulation
In this paper, a novel amplitude-modulated continuous wave (AMCW)
time-of-flight (ToF) scanning sensor based on digital-parallel demodulation is
proposed and demonstrated in the aspect of distance measurement precision.
Since digital-parallel demodulation utilizes a high-amplitude demodulation
signal with zero-offset, the proposed sensor platform can maintain extremely
high demodulation contrast. Meanwhile, as all cross correlated samples are
calculated in parallel and in extremely short integration time, the proposed
sensor platform can utilize a 2D laser scanning structure with a single photo
detector, maintaining a moderate frame rate. This optical structure can
increase the received optical SNR and remove the crosstalk of image pixel
array. Based on these measurement properties, the proposed AMCW ToF scanning
sensor shows highly precise 3D depth measurement performance. In this study,
this precise measurement performance is explained in detail. Additionally, the
actual measurement performance of the proposed sensor platform is
experimentally validated under various conditions
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