2,050 research outputs found
SaferCross: Enhancing Pedestrian Safety Using Embedded Sensors of Smartphone
The number of pedestrian accidents continues to keep climbing. Distraction
from smartphone is one of the biggest causes for pedestrian fatalities. In this
paper, we develop SaferCross, a mobile system based on the embedded sensors of
smartphone to improve pedestrian safety by preventing distraction from
smartphone. SaferCross adopts a holistic approach by identifying and developing
essential system components that are missing in existing systems and
integrating the system components into a "fully-functioning" mobile system for
pedestrian safety. Specifically, we create algorithms for improving the
accuracy and energy efficiency of pedestrian positioning, effectiveness of
phone activity detection, and real-time risk assessment. We demonstrate that
SaferCross, through systematic integration of the developed algorithms,
performs situation awareness effectively and provides a timely warning to the
pedestrian based on the information obtained from smartphone sensors and Direct
Wi-Fi-based peer-to-peer communication with approaching cars. Extensive
experiments are conducted in a department parking lot for both component-level
and integrated testing. The results demonstrate that the energy efficiency and
positioning accuracy of SaferCross are improved by 52% and 72% on average
compared with existing solutions with missing support for positioning accuracy
and energy efficiency, and the phone-viewing event detection accuracy is over
90%. The integrated test results show that SaferCross alerts the pedestrian
timely with an average error of 1.6sec in comparison with the ground truth
data, which can be easily compensated by configuring the system to fire an
alert message a couple of seconds early.Comment: Published in IEEE Access, 202
DeepWiTraffic: Low Cost WiFi-Based Traffic Monitoring System Using Deep Learning
A traffic monitoring system (TMS) is an integral part of Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS). It is an essential tool for traffic analysis and
planning. One of the biggest challenges is, however, the high cost especially
in covering the huge rural road network. In this paper, we propose to address
the problem by developing a novel TMS called DeepWiTraffic. DeepWiTraffic is a
low-cost, portable, and non-intrusive solution that is built only with two WiFi
transceivers. It exploits the unique WiFi Channel State Information (CSI) of
passing vehicles to perform detection and classification of vehicles. Spatial
and temporal correlations of CSI amplitude and phase data are identified and
analyzed using a machine learning technique to classify vehicles into five
different types: motorcycles, passenger vehicles, SUVs, pickup trucks, and
large trucks. A large amount of CSI data and ground-truth video data are
collected over a month period from a real-world two-lane rural roadway to
validate the effectiveness of DeepWiTraffic. The results validate that
DeepWiTraffic is an effective TMS with the average detection accuracy of 99.4%
and the average classification accuracy of 91.1% in comparison with
state-of-the-art non-intrusive TMSs.Comment: Accepted for publication in the 16th IEEE International Conference on
Mobile Ad-Hoc and Smart Systems (MASS), 201
BEAT: Beacon Inter-Reception Time Ensured Adaptive Transmission for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Safety Communication
To improve vehicle safety, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) periodically broadcast safety messages known as beacons. Consequently, it becomes safety critical to guarantee the timely reception of periodic beacons under the time-varying environments of VANET. However, existing approaches typically measure the packet delivery ratio, which is a time-average metric that does not consider the temporal behavior associated with beacon reception. In this paper, to properly reflect the temporal aspect of beacon reception, we propose a congestion control algorithm, Beacon inter-reception time Ensured Adaptive Transmission (BEAT). The proposed algorithm tightly regulates the beacon inter-reception time compared to conventional techniques, which can significantly improve vehicle safety. Our simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.1
Bit Fusion: Bit-Level Dynamically Composable Architecture for Accelerating Deep Neural Networks
Fully realizing the potential of acceleration for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs)
requires understanding and leveraging algorithmic properties. This paper builds
upon the algorithmic insight that bitwidth of operations in DNNs can be reduced
without compromising their classification accuracy. However, to prevent
accuracy loss, the bitwidth varies significantly across DNNs and it may even be
adjusted for each layer. Thus, a fixed-bitwidth accelerator would either offer
limited benefits to accommodate the worst-case bitwidth requirements, or lead
to a degradation in final accuracy. To alleviate these deficiencies, this work
introduces dynamic bit-level fusion/decomposition as a new dimension in the
design of DNN accelerators. We explore this dimension by designing Bit Fusion,
a bit-flexible accelerator, that constitutes an array of bit-level processing
elements that dynamically fuse to match the bitwidth of individual DNN layers.
This flexibility in the architecture enables minimizing the computation and the
communication at the finest granularity possible with no loss in accuracy. We
evaluate the benefits of BitFusion using eight real-world feed-forward and
recurrent DNNs. The proposed microarchitecture is implemented in Verilog and
synthesized in 45 nm technology. Using the synthesis results and cycle accurate
simulation, we compare the benefits of Bit Fusion to two state-of-the-art DNN
accelerators, Eyeriss and Stripes. In the same area, frequency, and process
technology, BitFusion offers 3.9x speedup and 5.1x energy savings over Eyeriss.
Compared to Stripes, BitFusion provides 2.6x speedup and 3.9x energy reduction
at 45 nm node when BitFusion area and frequency are set to those of Stripes.
Scaling to GPU technology node of 16 nm, BitFusion almost matches the
performance of a 250-Watt Titan Xp, which uses 8-bit vector instructions, while
BitFusion merely consumes 895 milliwatts of power
Developing Modernization Indicators for the People’s Republic of China : Key Considerations and a Proposed Framework
This paper proposes an indicator to assess the progress being made in the modernization journey of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). In doing so, it fills a gap. The paper applies the modernization indicator—structured on thematic categories, subcategories, and intersections—to the PRC, whose performance is compared with Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development and G20 countries. The PRC’s best score was for the functioning and efficiency of markets and the worst for inclusiveness. Here, it led a global trend for a weak performance on this measure of modernization. The paper examines four major policy implications from the modernization challenges facing the PRC: (i) economic governance reform to secure inclusive and sustained growth, which enhance social cohesion and stability; (ii) the governance building that will be needed to achieve the complex task of modernization; (iii) public sector reform should be guided by widely accepted values, such as transparency, accountability, efficiency, and providing high-quality public services; and (iv) the state, market, and civil society are all important stakeholders and players in the PRC’s modernization process; furthermore, finding an effective division of labor and creating synergy among stakeholders will make PRC’s modernization more successful and durable.TABLES AND FIGURES
AKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. DEVELOPING MODERNIZATION INDICATORS: UNDERLYING FRAMEWORKS
A. Conceptual Framework
B. Operational Framework
III. MODERNIZATION INDICATORS FOR THE PRC
A. Structuring Modernization Indicators
B. Modernization Indicators and Capital
C. Analysis Results: PRC Trends versus Global Trends
D. The PRC’s Modernization Indicator Performance versus Republic of Korea and Japan
E. The PRC’s Modernization Process: Assessment and Future Scenarios
IV. REPUBLIC OF KOREA’S MODERNIZATION EXPERIENCE
V. POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX: DATA USED IN THE RESEARC
カンコク ヘナム グン ノ ベイサク ノウカ ニ オケル キコウ ヘンドウ ノ ニンシキ ニ カンスル ブンセキ
本研究では韓国ヘナム郡の米作農家における気候変動の認識に関して分析した。ロジットモデルとプロビットモデルを用いて、気候変動の認識の決定要素を検定した。結果として、米作農家の気候変動の認識は高いこと(83.6%)が示された。年齢については負の値であり、高齢者であるほど認識が少ない。つまり若年層が強く気候変動を認識していた。教育については正の値であり、高学歴であるほど強く気候変動を認識していた。そして気候情報の入手については正の値であり、情報アクセスを改善することによって、強く気候変動を認識させることができると分かった。本研究から気候変動情報、教育、訓練における適切な政策プログラムが提供される。This study analyzes perception to climate change of rice farmers in Haenam district, Korea. A logit model and a probit model are used to examine the determinants of perception to climate change. The results indicate that rice farmers\u27 perception of climate change appear to be high(83.6 percent). The findings indicate that age, education and access to climate information have a significant impact on perception to climate change. This study provides some appropriate policy program of information on climate change, education and training
Regulation of Apoptosis during Environmental Skin Tumor Initiation
Skin cancer is more prevalent than any other cancer in the United States. Nonmelanoma skin cancers are the more common forms of skin cancer that affect individuals. The development of squamous cell carcinoma, the second most common type of skin cancer, can be stimulated by exposure of environmental carcinogens, such as chemical toxicants or UVB. It is developed by three distinct stages: initiation, promotion, and progression. During the initiation, the fate of DNA-damaged skin cells is determined by the homeostatic regulation of pro-apoptotic and antiapoptotic signaling pathways. The imbalance or disruption of either signaling will lead to the survival of initiated cells, resulting in the development of skin cancer. In this chapter, we will discuss signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis and the impact of their dysfunction during skin tumor initiation
Regulation of Apoptosis during Environmental Skin Tumor Initiation
Skin cancer is more prevalent than any other cancer in the United States. Nonmelanoma skin cancers are the more common forms of skin cancer that affect individuals. The development of squamous cell carcinoma, the second most common type of skin cancer, can be stimulated by exposure of environmental carcinogens, such as chemical toxicants or UVB. It is developed by three distinct stages: initiation, promotion, and progression. During the initiation, the fate of DNA-damaged skin cells is determined by the homeostatic regulation of pro-apoptotic and antiapoptotic signaling pathways. The imbalance or disruption of either signaling will lead to the survival of initiated cells, resulting in the development of skin cancer. In this chapter, we will discuss signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis and the impact of their dysfunction during skin tumor initiation
Channel-Aware Congestion Control in Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems
In vehicular cyber-physical systems, cars are connected to create a mobile network called a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) to perform various functions, including improved awareness of the surrounding environment. Moving vehicles continually broadcast beacon signals containing information such as position, heading, acceleration, steering angle, vehicle size, and accident notification. However, channel congestion in dense traffic conditions adversely affects network performance. To resolve congestion in VANETs, several works in the literature have studied congestion control. However, they have considered packet loss only as an indication of channel congestion regardless of channel condition. In this paper, we present a channel-aware congestion control algorithm (CACC) that controls the transmission power and data rate. We take into account the received signal strength (RSS) when diagnosing packet loss to determine channel conditions, such as severe fading or channel congestion. In the case of severe fading, we decrease the data rate for a more robust modulation and coding scheme. Additionally, we adjust the transmission power to maintain a desirable packet error rate. Our simulation results show that CACC significantly outperforms other distributed congestion control algorithms by reducing the packet loss rate and increasing the packet delivery ratio.1
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