The Role of Elaboration Moderating the Effects of Temporal Construal on Evaluation

The Construal Level Theory posits that future events are differentially construed, and thus evaluated, as a function of whether they are to be experienced in the near or distant future. We explore the question of when temporal distance influences evaluation, testing three alternative hypotheses. The results demonstrate that temporal distance only influences evaluation under thoughtful conditions. Although temporal construal effects emerge either for individuals high in need for cognition (study 1) or when individuals carefully think (study 2), they do not emerge for individuals low in need for cognition, nor when individuals do not engage in effortful thinking.This work was supported by the Research Settlement Fund for the new faculty of SNU

Psychological Experience of Attitudinal Ambivalence as a Function of Manipulated Source of Conflict and Individual Difference in Self-Construal

Much research has emerged recently examining attitudinal ambivalence. One recent finding suggests that feelings of attitudinal ambivalence can come about either because of an individuals own feelings of positivity and negativity or because of interpersonal attitudinal discrepancy. The present research examines the question of whether differences in self-construal moderate the impact of an intrapersonal (vs. interpersonal) source of conflict on attitudinal ambivalence. We have found that individuals who possess interdependent self-construals reveal greater attitudinal ambivalence when the source of conflict is interpersonal than intrapersonal, whereas individuals who possess more independent self-construals are influenced in the opposite manner

Magnetic Effect on Potential Barrier for Nucleosynthesis II

We investigate the impact of magnetic fields on the potential barrier between two interacting nuclei. We addressed this by solving the Boltzmann equation and Maxwell's theory in the presence of a magnetic field, resulting in the determination of magnetized permittivity. Additionally, we derived the magnetized Debye potential, which combines the conventional Debye potential with an additional magnetic component. We then compared the Boltzmann approach with the Debye method. Both methods consistently demonstrate that magnetic fields increase permittivity. This enhanced permittivity leads to a reduction in the potential barrier, consequently increasing the reaction rate for nucleosynthesis. Furthermore, the dependence on temperature and electron density in each approach is consistent. Our findings suggest that magnetized plasmas, which have existed since the Big Bang, have played a crucial role in nucleosynthesis.Comment: This manuscript is a revised version of our previous submission titled 'Magnetic Effect on Potential Barrier. Submitte