Predictability, entropy and information of infinite transformations

We show that a certain type of quasi finite, conservative, ergodic, measure preserving transformation always has a maximal zero entropy factor, generated by predictable sets. We also construct a conservative, ergodic, measure preserving transformation which is not quasi finite; and consider distribution asymptotics of information showing that e.g. for Boole's transformation, information is asymptotically mod-normal with square root normalization. Lastly we see that certain ergodic, probability preserving transformations with zero entropy have analogous properties and consequently entropy dimension of at most 1/2.Comment: typos corrected, clarifications added, unproved result remove

Assessing the Effectiveness of Corn Rootworm Control and Areawide Management of Corn Rootworms

Corn rootworm populations have been high the last couple of seasons. The higher density of the pest generates questions concerning the effectiveness of corn rootworm controls that have been used, especially insecticides. Corn rootworm infestations, and their injury, tend to be variable (spotty) across a field of corn. If more then a node of roots has been destroyed and there is a wind, the corn is likely to be lodged. The lodging provides a visual manifestation of the corn rootworm larval feeding. Because the infestations are not uniform across a field, the lodging is also variable. If one were to want to obtain the worst possible root-injury rating for the field, they would select lodged plants to dig and rate. If one wanted to produce a lower rating, say if they were responsible for the product applied to control the rootworm, they could choose plants that were not lodged. Therefore the rating of corn rootworm larval injury to corn can be biased by selectively sampling plants based on the above ground appearance, lodged or not lodged. To be fair to growers AND the vendor of a rootworm control product, an unbiased sampling program should be used

Targeting Strategies for Multifunctional Nanoparticles in Cancer Imaging and Therapy

Nanomaterials offer new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Multifunctional nanoparticles harboring various functions including targeting, imaging, therapy, and etc have been intensively studied aiming to overcome limitations associated with conventional cancer diagnosis and therapy. Of various nanoparticles, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with superparamagnetic property have shown potential as multifunctional nanoparticles for clinical translation because they have been used asmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) constrast agents in clinic and their features could be easily tailored by including targeting moieties, fluorescence dyes, or therapeutic agents. This review summarizes targeting strategies for construction of multifunctional nanoparticles including magnetic nanoparticles-based theranostic systems, and the various surface engineering strategies of nanoparticles for in vivo applications

Generalizations of Choi's Orthogonal Latin Squares and Their Magic Squares

Choi Seok-Jeong studied Latin squares at least 60 years earlier than Euler. He introduced a pair of orthogonal Latin squares of order 9 in his book. Interestingly, his two orthogonal non-diagonal Latin squares produce a magic square of order 9, whose theoretical reason was not studied. There have been a few studies on Choi's Latin squares of order 9. The most recent one is Ko-Wei Lih's construction of Choi's Latin squares of order 9 based on two $3 \times 3$ orthogonal Latin squares. In this paper, we give a new generalization of Choi's orthogonal Latin squares of order 9 to orthogonal Latin squares of size $n^2$ using the Kronecker product including Lih's construction. We find a geometric description of Chois' orthogonal Latin squares of order 9 using the dihedral group $D_8$. We also give a new way to construct magic squares from two orthogonal non-diagonal Latin square, which explains why Choi's Latin squares produce a magic square of order 9.Comment: 18 pages revised slightly from Dec. 5, 2018 versio

Street Life and the Built Environment in an Auto-oriented US Region

Urban planners and designers believe that the built environment at various geographic scales affects pedestrian activity, but have limited empirical evidence at the street scale, to support their claims. We are just beginning to identify and measure the qualities that generate active street life, and this paper builds on the first few studies to do so. This study measures street design qualities and surrounding urban form variables for 881 block faces in Salt Lake County, Utah, and relates them to pedestrian counts. This is the largest such study to date and includes suburbs as well as cities. At the neighborhood scale, we find that D variables – development density, accessibility to destinations, and distance to transit – are significantly associated with the pedestrian activity. At the street scale, we find significant positive relationships between three urban design qualities – imageability, human scale, and complexity – and pedestrian counts, after controlling for neighborhood-scale variables. Finally, we find that pedestrian counts are positively associated with seven of twenty streetscape features – historic buildings, outdoor dining, buildings with identifiers, less sky view, street furniture, active uses, and accent building colors. This study provides implications for streetscape projects that aim to create walkable places in typical auto-oriented, medium-sized cities