Adoptees\u27 Knowledge about and Contact with Birth Parents and Their Adjustment in Adolescence and Young Adulthood

This study described adoptees\u27 knowledge of and contact with birth parents in adolescence and young adulthood, and analyzed the relationship between adoptees\u27 knowledge of and contact with birth parents and the adoptees\u27 adjustment in young adulthood. Data for the current study came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). In total, 487 adoptees were identified for this study in Wave I (1995) and Wave Ill (2 002). Descriptive and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were conducted. Adoptees were more likely to be aware of their birth mothers than of their birth fathers and the percentage differences between their knowledge about birth mothers and about birth fathers were reduced over time. Adoptees were more likely to know about their birth parents during young adulthood than adolescence. Being female, being placed at an older age, never placed in a foster home, and being in young adulthood were statistically significant factors to increase the probability of knowing about birth mothers; being placed at older age and being in young adulthood statistically significantly affected the probability of having knowledge about birth fathers. Adoptees were more likely to contact their birth mothers than birth fathers and the differences in percentage concerning contacting birth mothers and birth fathers were increased seven years later. Being adopted at older age, never placed in a foster home, and being in young adulthood were statistically significantly associated with the probability of contacting birth mothers. Being adopted at an older age was associated with the probability of contacting birth fathers. The more adoptees knew about or contacted their birth parents, the less they attended college and the more they formed couple relationships in young adulthood. However, this negative effect of knowing about or contacting birth parents almost disappeared when other variables were controlled. This study provides new information in adoption studies, but the results remain inconclusive until the dynamics of pre-adoption history and post-adoption relationships are better understood

SaferCross: Enhancing Pedestrian Safety Using Embedded Sensors of Smartphone

The number of pedestrian accidents continues to keep climbing. Distraction from smartphone is one of the biggest causes for pedestrian fatalities. In this paper, we develop SaferCross, a mobile system based on the embedded sensors of smartphone to improve pedestrian safety by preventing distraction from smartphone. SaferCross adopts a holistic approach by identifying and developing essential system components that are missing in existing systems and integrating the system components into a "fully-functioning" mobile system for pedestrian safety. Specifically, we create algorithms for improving the accuracy and energy efficiency of pedestrian positioning, effectiveness of phone activity detection, and real-time risk assessment. We demonstrate that SaferCross, through systematic integration of the developed algorithms, performs situation awareness effectively and provides a timely warning to the pedestrian based on the information obtained from smartphone sensors and Direct Wi-Fi-based peer-to-peer communication with approaching cars. Extensive experiments are conducted in a department parking lot for both component-level and integrated testing. The results demonstrate that the energy efficiency and positioning accuracy of SaferCross are improved by 52% and 72% on average compared with existing solutions with missing support for positioning accuracy and energy efficiency, and the phone-viewing event detection accuracy is over 90%. The integrated test results show that SaferCross alerts the pedestrian timely with an average error of 1.6sec in comparison with the ground truth data, which can be easily compensated by configuring the system to fire an alert message a couple of seconds early.Comment: Published in IEEE Access, 202