First Application of the Dakin-West Reaction to Fmoc Chemistry: Synthesis of the ketomethylene tripeptide Fmoc-Nα-Asp(tBu)-(R,S)Tyr(tBu)Ψ(CO-CH2)Gly-OH

International audienceA practical synthesis of a tripeptide containing a ketomethylene isostere, suitably protected for introduction in Fmoc SPPS, has been carried out for the first time in Fmoc chemistry by using a modified Dakin-West reaction

Dynamic Canvas for Immersive Non-Photorealistic Walkthroughs

International audienceThe static background paper or canvas texture usually used for non-photorealistic animation greatly impedes the sensation of motion and results in a disturbing ``shower door'' effect. We present a method to animate the background canvas for non-photorealistic rendering animations and walkthroughs, which greatly improves the sensation of motion and 3D ``immersion''. The complex motion field induced by the 3D displacement is matched using purely 2D transformations. The motion field of forward translations is approximated using a 2D zoom in the texture, and camera rotation is approximated using 2D translation and rotation. A rolling-ball metaphor is introduced to match the instantaneous 3D motion with a 2D transformation. An infinite zoom in the texture is made possible by using a paper model based on multifrequency solid turbulence. Our results indicate a dramatic improvement over a static background

Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas with 1p19q codeletion have a proneural gene expression profile

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In high grade gliomas, 1p19q codeletion and <it>EGFR </it>amplification are mutually exclusive and predictive of dramatically different outcomes. We performed a microarray gene expression study of four high grade gliomas with 1p19q codeletion and nine with <it>EGFR </it>amplification, identified by CGH-array.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The two groups of gliomas exhibited very different gene expression profiles and were consistently distinguished by unsupervised clustering analysis. One of the most striking differences was the expression of normal brain genes by oligodendrogliomas with 1p19q codeletion. These gliomas harbored a gene expression profile that partially resembled the gene expression of normal brain samples, whereas gliomas with <it>EGFR </it>amplification expressed many genes in common with glioblastoma cancer stem cells. The differences between the two types of gliomas and the expression of neuronal genes in gliomas with 1p19q codeletion were both validated in an independent series of 16 gliomas using real-time RT-PCR with a set of 22 genes differentiating the two groups of gliomas (<it>AKR1C3</it>, <it>ATOH8</it>, <it>BMP2</it>, <it>C20orf42</it>, <it>CCNB1</it>, <it>CDK2</it>, <it>CHI3L1</it>, <it>CTTNBP2</it>, <it>DCX, EGFR, GALNT13, GBP1, IGFBP2, IQGAP1, L1CAM, NCAM1, NOG, OLIG2, PDPN, PLAT, POSTN, RNF135</it>). Immunohistochemical study of the most differentially expressed neuronal gene, alpha-internexin, clearly differentiated the two groups of gliomas, with 1p19q codeletion gliomas showing specific staining in tumor cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings provide evidence for neuronal differentiation in oligodendrogliomas with 1p19q codeletion and support the hypothesis that the cell of origin for gliomas with 1p19q codeletion could be a bi-potential progenitor cell, able to give rise to both neurons and oligodendrocytes.</p

DEVELOPPEMENT ET SITUATION DU MEDICAMENT GENERIQUE EN FRANCE (COMPARAISON AVEC L'ALLEMAGNE ET LE ROYAUME-UNI)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Conseil du pharmacien d'officine (à propos de quelques pathologies de la sphère ORL)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Implémentation du CTD (Common Technical Document) en Europe, aux Etats-Unis et au Canada (application au module pharmaceutique des dossiers d'enregistrement des vaccins)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Réglementation des modifications d'Autorisation de Mise sur le Marché (réalisation d'un complément de dossier d'AMM...)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le Changement de version d'un système de gestion informatique des données réglementaires (une expérience de chef de projet et de conduite du changement tenant compte des stratégies d'acteurs)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

La Pharmacovigilance en Europe (évolution depuis 2001 et impacts de la révision de la législation pharmaceutique en 2004)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

La Mise en place du Common Technical Document (CTD) en Europe

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF