Trade Mark Infringement or Unfair Commercial Conduct? The Complications of Case C-129/17 “Mitsubishi”

The protection of IP rights has always caused friction between the interests of rightsholders and consumers. To aid in alleviating this tension, the various branches of IP law have developed their own doctrines of exhaustion. Regarding European Union (“EU”) trade mark law, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) authoritatively considers the EU Trade Mark Directive (“EUTMD”) and EU Trade Mark Regulation (“EUTMR”) as adopting a model of regional exhaustion. However, the author considers that following Case C-129/17 “Mitsubishi”, the CJEU has illegitimately extended the scope of EU trade mark law to cover situations that, when properly considered, ought to be dealt with under the national laws of EU Member States as unfair competition issues. The following exposition shall substantiate this claim

摂動を抑えた1細胞の遺伝子発現解析

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第23155号工博第4799号新制||工||1750(附属図書館)京都大学大学院工学研究科マイクロエンジニアリング専攻(主査)教授 横川 隆司, 教授 井上 康博, 教授 中部 主敬学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

Issues And Challenges Of India’s Unhealthy Economy During Covid-19 Pandemic With Global Outlook

The economic activity in global level withhighCOVID-19casessuffering prolonged disruption as restrictions could continue longer. Indeed, given one of the most stringent lockdowns in the world, the worst-performing months for India this fiscal Year. The purpose of study is about highlights the need for urgent action to modify the epidemic’s health and economic consequences by the government in India and as global, and the extensive reform programs to improve the fundamental drivers of economic growth once the crisis lifts

Evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on gestational diabetes mellitus among primi gravida mothers attending antenatal outpatient department at Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Government hospital for women and children, Egmore, Chennai

Pregnancy is a period where profound changes will take place in the body. Pregnancy may be complicated by a variety of disorders and conditions that can profoundly affect the client and her fetus. The title of study “Evaluate the Effectiveness of Video assisted teaching programme on gestational diabetesmellitus among primi gravida mothers attending antenatal outpatient Department at Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Govt. hospital for women and children, Egmore, Chennai-08”. Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy, illustrates the interaction between the physiologic changes of pregnancy and pathophysiology of disease. So, it is important to regulate blood sugar, in order to prevent from diabetic complications. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the knowledge regarding self-administration of insulin among primigravida mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching program regarding self-administration of insulin among primigravida mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. 3. To compare pre- test and posttest regarding self administration of insulin among primigravida mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. 4. To determine the association between the knowledge regarding self administration of insulin among selected variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Pre-experimental, one group Pretest, Posttest design was conducted. A total of 60 samples were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from the primi gravida mothers with GDM, using a semi – structured interview schedule before and after implementation of the planned VAT program. The data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The finding of the study revealed that video assisted teaching program has improved the knowledge of self administration of insulin among the primigravida mothers with paired t test, p < 0.001. There is statistically significance in knowledge attainment on self administration of insulin among the primigravida mothers shows effectiveness of the video assisted teaching. CONCLUSION: This study proved that VAT was immediately effective for the GDM mothers attending Antenatal outpatient department, IOG, Chenani - 600 008. Further similar studies can be replicated on large sample in various Hospitals

Reduction Reactions of Electrolyte Salts for Lithium Ion Batteries: LiPF6, LiBF4, LiDFOB, LiBOB, and LiTFSI

The reduction products of common lithium salts for lithium ion battery electrolytes, LiPF6, LiBF4, lithium bisoxalato borate (LiBOB), lithium difluorooxalato borate (LiDFOB), and lithium trifluorosulfonylimide (LiTFSI), have been investigated. The solution phase reduction of different lithium salts via reaction with the one electron reducing agent, lithium naphthalenide, results in near quantitative reactions. Analysis of the solution phase and head space gasses suggests that all of the reduction products are precipitated as insoluble solids. The solids obtained through reduction were analyzed with solution NMR, IR-ATR and XPS. All fluorine containing salts generate LiF upon reduction while all oxalate containing salts generate lithium oxalate. In addition, depending upon the salt other species including, LixPFyOz, LixBFy, oligomeric borates, and lithium bis[N-(trifluoromethylsulfonylimino)] trifluoromethanesulfonate are observed

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Music Therapy on Reduction of Pain among Children who Underwent Abdominal Surgery in Postoperative Wards at Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai

METHODS: Pre experimental research design was utilized and data collected by purposive sampling technique. The tool used for the study consists of demographic data, Wong baker’s faces pain scale and physiological parameters. The population of this study were 60 children of both sexes in the age group of 6 to 12 years. Conceptual framework used for the study was Roy’s adaptation theory. RESULTS: The findings of the study revealed that on an average, in Pre-assessment, children were 7.60 score and in Post assessment, children were 2.60 score. Difference is 5.00 score. The difference between Pre-assessment and Post-assessment pain score was large and it was statistically significant. The pain reduction was evidenced by the reduction on the physiological parameters like Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Systolic Blood pressure, and Diastolic Blood Pressure. Morning Pre-assessment Mean Heart Rate score was 98.60 and the evening Post-assessment score was 91.60 and the morning Pre-assessment mean Respiratory score was 27.30 and evening Post-assessment score was 23.00, morning Pre-assessment mean SBP score was 104.92 and the evening Post-assessment SBP score was 97.50 and morning Pre-assessment mean DBP score was 65.88 and evening Post-assessment DBP score was 60.73.The association between level of pain reduction score and children demographic variables. Younger children, more educated mothers, more income family and joint family children were more reduced pain than others. CONCLUSION: Music therapy is very effective in reduction of postoperative pain in children

Occurrence and detection of AmpC β lactamases among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae at a tertiary care hospital

INTRODUCTION: Discovery of antibiotics to treat infection caused by bacteria is the most important developement of modern medicine. But, resistance producing gram negative organisms like Ecoli,Klebsiella, citrobacter are plasmid mediated inducible AmpC producers. AmpC class ß – lactamases are cephalosporinases that are poorly inhibited by clavulanic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted after obtaining IHEC approval at the Diagnostic microbiology department , PSG Hospitals during the period Jan 2016 – July 2017 . Out of the 71067 various specimens received for culture and sensitivity at the microbiology department during the study period, 16552 microorganisms were isolated, of which 7123 ( 43.3%) were enterobacteriaceae identified after processing by standard microbiological techniques, colony morphology Gram’s staining, motility and biochemical reactions RESULT AND ANALYSIS: Out of the 256 cefoxitin resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 182 (71.09%) of the isolates were found to be AmpC producers by the gold standard Modified 3 D (M3D) assay. Boronic acid inhibition test detected 176 (68.75%) isolates as AmpC producers followed by Ceftazidime – Imipenem Antagonism test , Disc Antagonism Test , Double disc synergy test & Cloxacillin Combined Disc Diffusion test CONCLUSION: Clinical laboratories needs to be upgraded with appropriate tools and qualified staff to recognize newer drug resistances emerging among Enterobacteriaceae. The most prevalent AmpC genes belonged to FOX, MOX and CIT in our study. The dissemination of these plasmid-mediated resistance genes within the hospital is an important public health issue. Identifying the types of AmpC may aid in hospital infection control

Role of transdermal testosterone gel pre-treatment on IVF outcome: a prospective randomized controlled trial with active control

Background: Dealing with poor ovarian responders is the newest challenge for the present-day reproductive physicians. Androgens are said to increase pregnancy outcomes due to enhanced oocyte retrieval in poor responders. The aim of the study was to measure the effect of transdermal testosterone gel in women with unexplained poor ovarian response.Methods: It was a prospective randomized controlled trial with active control conducted at ART centre, department of obstetrics and gynaecology, AIIMS, New Delhi from August 2017-August 2018. Seventy women with previously failed IVF/ICSI who had ≤5 oocyte retrieval in previous cycle having normal ovarian reserve with normal or low testosterone levels were randomized. Study arm (N=35) received testosterone gel pre-treatment whereas the control arm (N=35) received standard treatment. GnRH antagonist stimulation protocol was followed. The number of oocytes retrieved and pregnancy outcomes were studied.Results: Of the 70 women in the study, the number of oocytes retrieved was significantly higher (6.5±5.8 vs 3.1±2.1; p=0.002), cycle cancellation rate was lower (8.6% vs 22.9%; p=0.094), implantation rate (8.2% vs 2.6%; p=0.228), clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, live birth rates (14.7% vs 2.9%; p=0.092) and take home baby rates (17.6% vs 2.9%; p=0.049) were higher in testosterone group compared to controls. One woman in testosterone group developed mild OHSS.Conclusions: The study shows that transdermal testosterone gel is found to improve oocyte retrieval significantly in unexpected poor responders, although there was not a significant improvement in pregnancy outcomes. Hence further studies are of utmost importance to establish the effectiveness of the gel

Culturing cells for life: innovative approaches in macroscopic and microfluidic cultures, with an emphasis on stem cells

In 2006, Whitesides, writing about microfluidics, said that microfluidics is in early adolescence and it is not yet clear how it will develop. Today, almost 20 years later, microfluidics became a fully developed, highly sophisticated, multidisciplinary field that had entirely honoured its early promise. Its strength stems from the knowledge and know-how, coming from multiple disciplines such as physics of fluids, engineering, and microfabrication in the beginning, followed, more recently, by cell biological research, in full bloom nowadays. In microfluidic devices, the environment of cells such as chemical and mechanical gradients can be reproduced, making biological studies even more compelling. The red thread of this review paper follows the new insights and discoveries in both traditional macro- and microfluidic cell culture brought into the cell biology field, especially in the culture of stem cells, filled with promise in the field of regenerative medicine. Microfluidic devices provide an environment that is much closer to that of in vivo cell culture than the conventional culture platforms, where large amounts of cells are cultured and the environment of individual cells cannot be distinguished. The convenience of live cell imaging, portability, and the integration of sensors to precisely, control various parameters, has expanded cell biologists’ arsenal In addition, microfluidic devices, integrated with different functionalities, that is, the automated cell culture systems, will be discussed as well