Difference in the perception of political art inside and outside the art gallery

The purpose of the research for this exhibit was to explore whether a major difference exists in the way political art is perceived by an audience when the art is in an art exhibition and when it is seen in an urban environment. Since the subject matter of En el País de No Pasa Nada, is the current wave of violence and corruption happening in Mexico, the targeted audience for this exhibited is limited to Mexican people and people on the US border with Mexico. If there is a difference in perception, what does the work of art gain, and what does it lose in each of the different contexts? These questions were addressed by observing people’s reactions to the works on display in En el País de No Pasa Nada, as opposed to public street art that addresses the same subject matter. In addition, this thesis addresses how works of political art in the past were perceived by their audiences and by the artists themselves

The Fine-Grained Complexity of Multi-Dimensional Ordering Properties

We define a class of problems whose input is an n-sized set of d-dimensional vectors, and where the problem is first-order definable using comparisons between coordinates. This class captures a wide variety of tasks, such as complex types of orthogonal range search, model-checking first-order properties on geometric intersection graphs, and elementary questions on multidimensional data like verifying Pareto optimality of a choice of data points. Focusing on constant dimension d, we show that any k-quantifier, d-dimensional such problem is solvable in O(n^{k-1} log^{d-1} n) time. Furthermore, this algorithm is conditionally tight up to subpolynomial factors: we show that assuming the 3-uniform hyperclique hypothesis, there is a k-quantifier, (3k-3)-dimensional problem in this class that requires time ?(n^{k-1-o(1)}). Towards identifying a single representative problem for this class, we study the existence of complete problems for the 3-quantifier setting (since 2-quantifier problems can already be solved in near-linear time O(nlog^{d-1} n), and k-quantifier problems with k > 3 reduce to the 3-quantifier case). We define a problem Vector Concatenated Non-Domination VCND_d (Given three sets of vectors X,Y and Z of dimension d,d and 2d, respectively, is there an x ? X and a y ? Y so that their concatenation x?y is not dominated by any z ? Z, where vector u is dominated by vector v if u_i ? v_i for each coordinate 1 ? i ? d), and determine it as the "unique" candidate to be complete for this class (under fine-grained assumptions)

Guidelines for the design of actions focused on women victims in the development plans of the Alto Patía

A pesar de la firma del Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera, en la subregión del Alto Patía persiste una alta ocurrencia de hechos victimizantes que afectan de manera desproporcionada a las mujeres víctimas de la subregión. Este impacto desproporcionado hacia las mujeres se manifiesta en las numerosas facetas de género en escenarios de conflicto armado como: la agudización de los patrones estructurales de violencia y discriminación de género ya presentes en la sociedad colombiana; las afectaciones a los proyectos de vida producto de los hechos victimizantes, y los problemas y necesidades específicos de las mujeres víctimas que difieren de las mujeres no desplazadas y de los hombres desplazados. Por ello se requiere, que las entidades territoriales del Alto Patía, como primeros respondientes de la política de víctimas, apropien acciones en sus planes de desarrollo para atender a estas particularidades y con ello, propender por la paz territorial. No obstante, lo que se evidencia, es que, estos no se han manifestado en los planes de desarrollo por la ausencia de capacidades para su implementación. En consecuencia, este documento propone lineamientos para la incorporación de acciones diferenciadas para la atención de las mujeres víctimas en los planes de desarrollo territorial de las entidades del Alto Patía, mediante la incorporación de metas y estrategias, que finalmente conlleven a la paz territorial. Estos lineamientos se basan en esquemas de coordinación nación-territorio, y proponen una perspectiva de gestión de redes y gobernanza colaborativa en la que las mujeres víctimas se convierten en el principal factor transformador de los territorios.Despite the signing of the Final Agreement to End the Conflict, in the Alto Patía subregion there continues to be a high occurrence of victimizing acts that disproportionately affect the female victims who live in this region. This impact on them is manifested in the numerous gender facets to which they are subjected in scenarios of armed conflict, such as the structural patterns of violence and gender discrimination that are present in Colombian society and that are exacerbated in the conflict, the effects on life projects derived from the consequences of the victimizing acts and the specific problems and needs of the women victims as such, which are not experienced by non-displaced women or displaced men. For this reason, it is required that the territorial entities of Alto Patía, as first responders of the public policy of victims, take appropriate actions in their development plans to attend to these particularities and with this, promote territorial peace. Despite this, what is evident is that these commitments have not been manifested in a differentiated way in the local development plans, due to the lack of capacities for their implementation. Therefore, this document seeks to establish guidelines that facilitate this incorporation into local development plans, through interaction schemes based on the principles of Nation-Territory coordination, from the perspective of network management and collaborative governance, in the which women victims become the main processors of their territories.Magíster en Gobierno del Territorio y Gestión PúblicaMaestrí

Review of territorial planning instruments and their relationship with the comprehensive management of ecosystem services in la calera

Los instrumentos de planificación de un territorio permiten generar estrategias integradas en los componentes político, administrativo, ambiental, social y financiero, con el fin de ofrecer una columna vertebral fuerte para el aprovechamiento y cuidado de los recursos naturales. Sin embargo, en Colombia aún existen falencias en la relación entre los diferentes tipos de Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial, puesto que dependen de las formas de propiedad de la tierra y los tipos de territorios existentes en el país, que imposibilitan el ejercicio de ordenamiento descrito en la normatividad colombiana, donde se estipula un Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial de manera descentralizada para la planificación y gestión del territorio a largo plazo pero aplicado a la realidad sucede lo contrario. El presente estudio analiza algunos de los diferentes instrumentos de planificación, con el propósito de determinar su relación con el manejo integral y adecuado de los recursos naturales del municipio de La Calera, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Lo anterior, tiene como finalidad encontrar, a través del análisis documental, las falencias y ventajas en términos ambientales que presentan los documentos de planificación del municipio cercano a la capital del país, que busca el desarrollo tanto urbano como rural.Adicionalmente se proponen algunas recomendaciones como la importancia de realizar seguimiento a las estrategias planteadas en los instrumentos de ordenamiento territorial con el fin de disminuir los conflictos ambientales y sociales evidenciados en el PDM para acercarse a la visión de territorio planteada desde el primer POT. Por último se realizan las conclusiones de las revisiones documentales donde se evidenció la poca efectividad en la adecuada gestión de sus recursos naturales.The planning instruments of a territory allow to generate strategies integrated in the political, administrative, environmental, social and financial components in order to offer a strong backbone for the use and care of natural resources. However, in Colombia there are still shortcomings in the relationship between the different types of Land Management Plans, since they depend on the forms of land ownership and the types of territories existing in the country that make it impossible to exercise the ordinance described in the Colombian regulations stipulating a Territorial Planning Plan in a de-centralized manner for long-term planning and management of the territory but applied to reality, the opposite is true. The present study analyzes some of the different planning instruments, with the purpose of determining their relationship with the integral and adequate management of the natural resources of the municipality of La Calera, Cundinamarca, Colombia. The purpose of this is to find, through documentary analysis, the shortcomings and advantages in environmental terms presented by the planning documents of the municipality near the capital of the country, which seeks both urban and rural development. Some recommendations are proposed as the importance of following up on the strategies proposed in the territorial planning instruments in order to reduce the environmental and social conflicts evidenced in the PDM to approach the vision of the territory raised from the first POT. Finally, the conclusions of the documentary revisions are made where the little effectiveness in the adequate management of its natural resources was evidenced.Especializació

Novel Microscopic Mechanism of Intermixing during Growth on Soft Metallic Substrates

Generic computer simulations using empiric interatomic potentials suggest a new, collective mechanism that could be responsible for mixing at heteroepitaxial interfaces. Even if single adsorbate atoms diffuse by hopping on the substrate surface and do not mix at the terraces, two-dimensional islands formed by nucleation may become unstable above a certain critical size and explode upwards forming clusters of several atomic layers. This process is accompanied by strong distortions of the underlying atomic layers, and on soft materials it can result in surface etching and incorporation of substrate atoms into the islands.Fil: Gomez, Liliana Maria. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Slutzky, Claudia Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Ferron, Julio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: de la Figuera, J.. Sandia National Laboratories; Estados UnidosFil: Camarero, J.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Vazquez de Parga, A.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: de Miguel, J.J.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Miranda, R.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Españ

Tooling with ethics in technology:A scoping review of Responsible Research and Innovation tools

The operationalisation of Responsible Research and Innovation is increasingly associated with ethical toolkits aimed at practitioners and researchers. However, scholars remain critical of those toolkits, often referring to them as theoretically problematic, toothless, or too instrumental. Moreover, toolkits imply ideological commitments that are not necessarily made explicit. In this scoping review, we analyse 127 tools designed for technology ethics as part of the RRI Project. We find that (1) these tools tend to frame responsibility as general training or aimed at the development phase of technologies, while monitoring is underrepresented. (2) These toolkits often lack substantive conceptualisations of ethics ignoring contested paradigms. (3) Emerging digital and biotechnologies are over-represented in relation to other socio-technical infrastructures, and (4) there is a risk of a PDF-ization of ethics, as most toolkits are materially constructed as reading material and checklists. We conclude by presenting prompt questions to reflectively reconsider how we design ethical toolkits for technology

Evaluation of the metabolism of high energy phosphates in patients with Chagas' disease

FUNDAMENTO: Anormalidades do metabolismo miocárdico têm sido observadas em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca de diferentes etiologias. A espectroscopia por ressonância magnética (ERM) com fósforo 31 é uma técnica não invasiva que permite a detecção de alterações metabólicas miocárdicas. OBJETIVO: Determinar o metabolismo de repouso dos fosfatos de alta energia em pacientes portadores de doença de Chagas (DC) pela ERM com fósforo 31. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 39 pacientes com DC, sendo 23 com função ventricular preservada (Grupo FP) e 16 com disfunção ventricular (Grupo DV), avaliados pela ecodopplercardiografia. A ERM da região anterosseptal foi realizada nos 39 pacientes e em 8 indivíduos normais (Grupo C), por meio de um aparelho Phillips de 1,5 Tesla, obtendo-se a relação fosfocreatina/trifosfato de adenosina beta (PCr/&#946;-ATP) miocárdicos. RESULTADOS: Os níveis cardíacos de PCr/&#946;-ATP estavam reduzidos no Grupo DV em relação ao Grupo FP, e estes apresentaram níveis reduzidos em relação ao Grupo C (Grupo DV: 0,89 ± 0,31 vs Grupo FP: 1,47 ± 0,34 vs Grupo C: 1,88 ± 0,08, p < 0,001). Houve correlação entre a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo e a PCr/&#946;-ATP nos 39 pacientes estudados (r = 0,64, p < 0,001). Os pacientes em classe funcional I (n = 22) apresentaram PCr/&#946;-ATP de 1,45 ± 0,35, e aqueles em classes funcionais II e III (n = 17), PCr/&#946;-ATP de 0,94 ± 0,36 (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A ERM permitiu detectar de forma não invasiva alterações no metabolismo energético em pacientes com DC, mesmo sem disfunção sistólica; tais alterações estavam relacionadas com a gravidade do comprometimento cardíaco.BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in myocardial metabolism have been observed in patients with heart failure of different etiologies. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with phosphorus-31 is a noninvasive technique that allows detection of myocardial metabolic changes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the resting metabolism of high-energy phosphates in patients with Chagas' disease (CD) by MRS with phosphorus-31. METHODS: We studied 39 patients with CD, 23 with preserved ventricular function (PF Group) and 16 with ventricular dysfunction (VD Group), assessed by Doppler echocardiography. MRS of the anterosseptal region was performed in 39 patients and 8 normal subjects (C Group) through a Phillips 1.5 Tesla device, obtaining the phosphocreatine/beta-adenosine triphosphate myocardial ratio (PCr/&#946;-ATP). RESULTS: The levels of cardiac PCr/&#946;-ATP were reduced in VD Group in relation to PF Group, and the latter presented reduced levels compared to C Group (VD Group: 0.89 ± 0.31 vs PF Group: 1.47 ± 0.34 vs C Group: 1.88 ± 0.08, p < 0.001). A correlation was found between left ventricular ejection fraction and PCr/&#946;-ATP in 39 patients (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). Patients under functional class I (n = 22) presented PCr/&#946;-ATP of 1.45 ± 0.35, and those in functional classes II and III (n = 17), PCr/&#946;-ATP of 0.94 ± 0.36 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The 31-phosphorus MRS was able to detect non-invasively changes in the rest energy metabolism of patients with Chagas' disease, with and without systolic dysfunction. These changes were related to the severity of heart impairment

Fishhook Lesions in Loggerhead Sea Turtles

This study describes four cases of loggerhead sea turtles with fishhooks in the gastrointestinal tract. Two dead turtles with a hook in the esophagus had local fibrosis with an invagination of the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium surrounding the hook, isolating it from the subjacent stroma, one had a hook in the cloaca which was expelled spontaneously, and one had plication of the intestine with necrosis caused by the long monofilament line attached to the hook lodged in the esophagus. Lethal injuries were related to the effect of strangulation and traction produced by the line throughout the gastrointestinal tract rather than the presence of the hook in the esophageal mucosa. Hook size, point of attachment to the gastrointestinal tract, the presence or not of a long monofilament line, and the traction applied by it could be crucial for turtle survival

Actualización del sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, en la empresa de ingeniería del sector civil

Este proyecto de grado tiene como principal objetivo la actualización del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo para la EMPRESA DE INGENIERÍA DEL SECTOR CIVIL, de acuerdo a los estándares mínimos que le apliquen y que menciona la Resolución 0312 de 2019, y así se identifiquen y se reduzcan de manera adecuada todos los riesgos laborales a los cuales sus colaboradores se encuentren expuestos, según las actividades propias de la empresa, de igual forma ésta logre cumplir con la normatividad legal colombiana vigente. Principalmente se elabora el diagnóstico inicial al SG-SST acorde a lo estipulado a los estándares mínimos exigidos, lo cual determina el grado que tiene la empresa ante el cumplimiento del Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo. En segundo lugar, se realizan entrevistas con preguntas de selección múltiple y única respuesta, enfocadas en el conocimiento de los colaboradores ante la implementación del sistema de gestión y seguridad en el trabajo. Posteriormente se efectúa el plan de trabajo con el fin de revisar la documentación actual y así determinar el debido ajuste necesaria para cumplir con los estándares mínimos. Finalmente se realiza la actualización y diseño de la documentación fundamental para el conforme cumplimiento del SG-SST exigido por la resolución 0312 de 2019, asegurando así el progreso apropiado del sistema de gestión, su mejora continua en cada uno de los procesos y colaboradores de la organización.The main objective of this degree project is to update the Occupational Health and Safety Management System for the company EMPRESA DE INGENIERÍA DEL SECTOR CIVIL, according to the minimum standards that apply to it and mentioned in Resolution 0312 of 2019, and thus all the occupational risks to which its collaborators are exposed are identified and adequately reduced, according to the company's own activities, in the same way it manages to comply with current Colombian legal regulations. Mainly, the initial diagnosis is made to the SG-SST according to what is stipulated to the minimum standards required, which determines the degree that the company has in compliance with the Occupational Health and Safety Management System. Second, interviews are conducted with multiple-choice and single-response questions, focused on the employees' knowledge of the implementation of the management and safety system at work. Subsequently, the work plan is carried out in order to review the current documentation and thus determine the due adjustment necessary to meet the minimum standards. Finally, the updating and design of the fundamental documentation is carried out for compliance with the SG-SST required by resolution 0312 of 2019, thus ensuring the appropriate progress of the management system, its continuous improvement in each of the processes and collaborators of the organization.Tabla de Contenido 1.Título del trabajo de grado 12 2.Planteamiento del problema de investigación 13 2.1 Descripción del problema 13 2.2. Formulación del problema 14 2.3. Sistematización 14 3. Objetivos 15 3.1 Objetivo General 15 3.2 Objetivos específicos 15 4. Justificación y Delimitación 16 4.1 Justificación 16 4.2 Delimitación 17 4.2.1 Temporal 17 4.2.2 Espacial 17 4.2.3 Operacional 17 4.3 Limitaciones 18 5. Marcos de referencia 19 5.1 Estado del Arte 19 5.2 Marco Teórico 37 5.2.1 Sistemas de Gestión 39 5.2.2 Sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo 40 5.2.2.1 La Política 40 5.2.2.2 La organización 40 5.2.2.3 La planificación 41 5.2.2.4 La medición de actuaciones 41 5.2.2.5 Las auditorías y revisión 42 5.2.3 Política en seguridad y salud en el trabajo en el SG-SST 43 5.2.3 Organización del Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo 44 5.2.4 Planificación del SG-SST 44 5.2.5 Aplicación del SG-SST 45 5.2.6 Evaluación inicial del sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo 48 5.2.7 Auditoría y revisión de la alta dirección del SG-SST 50 5.2.8 Mejoramiento del SG-SST 50 5.3 Marco Legal 52 5.3.1 Leyes 53 5.3.2 Decretos 53 5.3.3 Resoluciones 54 6. Marco Metodológico de la Investigación 56 6.1. Tipo de investigación 56 6.2 Tipo de paradigma 56 6.3 Métodos de Investigación 57 6.4 Fuentes de información 57 6.4.1 Fuentes primarias 57 6.4.2 Fuentes secundarias 57 6.5 Población 58 6.6 Muestra 58 6.6.1 Criterios de Inclusión de la muestra 58 6.6.2 Criterios de Exclusión de la muestra 58 6.7 Instrumentos de recolección de datos 59 6.7.1 Formato Instrumentos 59 6.8 Fases 60 6.8.1 Fase 1-Diagnóstico 60 6.8.2. Fase 2 -Revisión y Actualización documental 60 6.8.3. Fase 3 - Creación documental del SG-SST 61 6.9 Consentimiento informado 61 6.10 Cronograma 61 7. Resultados 63 7.1. Objetivo 1 63 7.1.1 Encuesta al personal administrativo 72 7.2 Objetivo 2 77 7.2.1 Documentación actual de la empresa frente a la documentación para actualizar y/o diseñar 78 7.3 Objetivo 3 86 8. Análisis Financiero 88 8.1 Costos del proyecto 88 8.2 Costo / Beneficio 89 9.Conclusiones 92 10. Recomendaciones 93 11. Referencias BibliográficasEspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el TrabajoEspecialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabaj