Statement to the Cleveland Inquiry 14 December 1987

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:q92/09612(Statement) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Inequality in access to local environments: the experiences of Asian and non-Asian girls

The growing emphasis on building healthy public policy draws attention to social and environmental inequalities in health, including the impact of racism and crime. This study reports on questionnaire and focus group research with a sample of 214 Year 7 and Year 9 girls (11-14 years old), of whom just under half were of Asian origin. The findings highlighted considerable differences between the attitudes and behaviour reported by Asian-origin and non-Asian girls. The problems encountered in managing hostile urban environments were seen as significantly greater by Asian-origin girls and fears about assault and harassment resulted in restricted access and a home-focused style of life. They reported restrictions on their physical activity, and some degree of frustration about their lack of freedom, which have policy implications for health promoters

Books, schools and an urban community A study of the unusual growth of school bookshops in the London Borough of Newham; final report for the period March 1 1981 - February 28 1983

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Lending Division - LD:2113.56F(BLRDR--5833) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

SYSTEM FOR THE DELIVERY OF PHARMACEUTICAL CAPITAL FACILITY PROJECTS

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Opposing influences of prenatal and postnatal weight gain on adrenarche in normal boys and girls

Associations between low birth weight and higher adrenal androgen secretion before puberty have yet only been reported in case-control studies in girls. We examined the influence of birth weight and early postnatal weight gain on overnight-fasting adrenal androgen and cortisol levels in 770 children from a large normal United Kingdom birth cohort at age 8 yr. In univariate analyses, adrenal androgen levels were inversely related to birth weight SD score in each sex [ dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in boys: regression coefficient (B) = - 2.5 mug/dl/SD; 95% confidence interval (CI), - 4.7 to - 0.2; in girls: B = - 3.8 mug/dl/SD; 95% CI, - 6.2 to - 1.4; androstenedione in boys: B = - 0.15 nmol/liter/SD, 95% CI, - 0.25 to - 0.6; in girls: B = - 0.13 nmol/liter/SD; 95% CI, - 0.24 to - 0.02). In multivariate analyses, both lower birth weight and larger current body weight predicted higher adrenal androgen levels ( P < 0.005 for all comparisons). Allowing for current weight, children who showed rapid postnatal weight gain between 0 and 3 yr had higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( P = 0.002) and androstenedione ( P = 0.004) levels at 8 yr. In contrast, cortisol levels were unrelated to birth weight or current body size. In summary, the relationship between lower birth weight and higher childhood adrenal androgen levels was continuous throughout the range of normal birth weights, and was similar in boys and girls. Adrenal androgen levels were highest in small infants who gained weight rapidly during early childhood. We suggest that higher adrenal androgen secretion could contribute to links between early growth and adult disease risks, possibly by enhancing insulin resistance and central fat deposition