Modeling of solidification process in a rotary electromagnetic stirrer

A macroscopic model of the solidification process in a rotary electromagnetic stirrer is presented. The fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer inside a rotary stirrer are modeled using, 3-D swirl flow equations in which turbulent flow is simulated using a k-ε model. A hybrid model is used to represent the mushy zone, which is considered to be divided into two regions: a coherent region and a noncoherent region. Each region is represented by a separate set of governing equations. An explicit time-stepping scheme is used for solving the coupled temperature and concentration fields, while an implicit scheme is used for solving equations of motion. The coupling relations also include eutectic solidification, which is an important feature in modeling solidification with electromagnetic stirring, especially in the context of the formation of semi-solid slurry. The results from the present numerical solution agree well with those corresponding to experiments reported in literature

Comparative Analysis of Tacker and Glue Fixation in Laparoscopic Mesh Repair of Ventral Hernias

Background: Ventral hernias require cautious correction to avoid complications. They are a common surgical problem. Tacker and glue fixation are two widely used methods for laparoscopic mesh repair. This study compared the results of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair using tacker and glue fixation. Methods: From December 2020 to June 2022, 52 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in a prospective trial. To the glue or tacker fixation group, the patients were ostensibly assigned at random. Hospital stay, hernia recurrence, complications, operating time, and postoperative discomfort were all evaluated. Results from the two groups were compared using statistical analysis. Results: Tacker fixation increased early postoperative pain scores (p = 0.029) and greatly decreased operating times (p< 0.001). However, there were no appreciable differences in the two groups' incidence of general complications (p = 0.437) or hernia recurrence (p = 0.624). The hospital stay was reduced for the glue fixation group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Tacker fixation and glue fixation are both acceptable techniques for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, each with specific benefits and drawbacks. The decision should be made with the needs of each patient in mind as well as the surgeon's preferences, taking into account things like operating time, postoperative discomfort, and hospital stay. To fully comprehend these fixation techniques, more research is necessary on long-term results including chronic discomfort and hernia recurrence

Comparative Study of Endovenous Laser Ablation and Sclerotherapy for the Treatment of Lower Limb Varicose Veins

Objective: The comparison of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) with sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicose veins in the lower limbs will focus on their efficacy, safety, patient-reported results, and cost-effectiveness. Methods: 190 suitable patients with symptomatic lower limb varicose veins were divided into the EVLA and sclerotherapy groups at random. Age, gender, and patterns of venous insufficiency were noted as baseline parameters. Reduced severity of varicose veins (CEAP classification), patient-reported improvement (VCSS and AVVQ scores), and adverse events were the primary end measures. Cost-effectiveness analysis and quality of life (EQ-5D scores) were secondary goals. Results: Sclerotherapy and EVLA both reduced the severity of varicose veins and enhanced patient-reported results. The majority of adverse events were minor and comparable between groups. Both groups had a marked improvement in quality of life. According to a cost-effectiveness analysis, EVLA might have a marginally better long-term value than sclerotherapy. Conclusion: For lower limb varicose veins, EVLA and sclerotherapy are both safe and effective treatment options, with comparable results in terms of symptom reduction and quality of life enhancement. Individual patient features, preferences, and the availability of healthcare resources should all be taken into account when deciding between these treatment modalities, with cost-effectiveness somewhat favouring EVLA. To determine the therapy outcomes' long-term viability, more investigation is required

The Role of Serum Albumin Level as a Predictor of Post-Operative Outcomes Following Emergency Exploratory Laparotomy: A Prospective Study

  Background: An emergency exploratory laparotomy is a crucial surgical technique used to treat abdominal diseases that pose a risk to life. Optimizing patient treatment in this situation requires the identification of variables that predict post-operative results. A widely available biomarker called serum albumin has been suggested as a potential predictor of mortality, length of hospital stay, and post-operative problems. Methods: 100 patients who underwent emergency exploratory laparotomies between January 2021 and June 2022 were the subject of a prospective study. Clinical information was gathered along with measurements of the serum albumin levels prior to surgery. Post-operative outcomes were recorded, including complications, length of stay in the hospital, and mortality. Results: When compared to patients with normal albumin levels, those with low serum albumin levels (3.5 g/dL) had a greater incidence of post-operative problems (62% vs. 38%, p <0.05) and longer hospital admissions (12.7 days vs. 8.4 days, p< 0.001). Additionally, hypoalbuminemic individuals had considerably greater mortality (16% vs. 6%, p <0.05). Conclusion: In emergency exploratory laparotomies, pre-operative serum albumin level is a useful predictor of post-operative outcomes. Increased complications, extended hospital stays, and greater mortality rates are all linked to hypoalbuminemia. The therapeutic significance of serum albumin evaluation for risk stratification, preoperative planning, and well-informed decision-making in this complex surgical scenario is highlighted by these findings. To validate these findings and investigate potential strategies to enhance outcomes, more study is required

Prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study to different doses of ketamine for prevention of shivering during spinal anaesthesia

Background: Ketamine has better effect than other drugs like pethidine, fentanyl, clonidine, tramadol, midazolam in prevention of shivering during anaesthesia and has a role in thermoregulation by different means. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy of Ketamine injection and to compare the different doses (0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg) of inj. Ketamine in prevention of shivering in operative patients under spinal anaesthesia.Methods: The present study was a prospective, randomized, double blinded and clinical study conducted in L.T.M.M.C & L.T.M.G.H, Mumbai, India during January 2012 to September 2013. 120 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status of I or II, between the age of 18 – 65 years of either sex and height 150-170 cms were randomly selected and included in the study as per eligibility.Results: The study suggests that prophylactic administration of injection Ketamine at doses of 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg was producing a significant antishivering effect but an incidence of sedation and hallucination was observed in the Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg receiving group throughout the perioperative period.Conclusions: From this study we can conclude that prophylactic dose of Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg i.v. has lesser side effects comparison to Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg i.v. in prevention of shivering in patients, undergoing surgical procedure under spinal anaesthesia

New Chromogenic Spray Reagent for TLC Detection and Identification of Organophosphrous Insecticide Monocrotophos in Biological Material.

Monocrotophos is a member of Organophosphate insecticide. It is an important insecticide and has a diversified role in agriculture in INDIA. The increasing numbers of human poisoning cases were found to be occurred by the consumption of organophosphate insecticide monocrotophos. So in this paper, we represent a novel Thin Layer Chromatographic spray reagent for the detection and identification of Monocrotophos

Association between architectural parameters and burden of tuberculosis in three resettlement colonies of M-East Ward, Mumbai, India

Architecture and site planning play an important role in ensuring houses receive good light and ventilation and in turn have a healthy and livable environment. To investigate the strength of association between structural factors of slum resettlement colonies buildings and the burden of tuberculosis (TB), a questionnaire-based semi-quantitative survey of 4080 households was carried out in three resettlement colonies (Lallubhai Compound, Natwar Parekh Compound and PMG colony) with questions on architectural patterns, socioeconomic details as well as occurrence of TB in any member of the household. Computational modelling for Sky View Factor, Daylight Autonomy and Natural Ventilation in the houses of all three colonies was also performed. The results show that lower floors do not have access to sufficient light and ventilation in the living area. All colonies had poor Sky View Factors, Daylight Autonomy and ventilation. Occurrence of TB was strongly associated with lower floor of the house, closed or only partially openable windows, lack of exhaust fans as well as the built environment of the houses. The study also traced back the poor conditions of light and ventilation to the relaxations in development control regulations (DCR 1991 and modifications) given to rehabilitation and slum redevelopment buildings. The study recommends better planning and architecture measures to be taken by the city government to bring improvements in housing and avert a public health crisi

Online) An Open Access

ABSTRACT Wetlands of the many areas of kachchh region are reduced day to day by the natural processes as well as developmental activities and as a result the population of birds depend upon these wetlands are under threat. This paper was attempted to assess the composition of avifauna in Lakhara, a fragmented wetland inside the Kachchh Biosphere Reserve. Regular survey was made in year 2009 to observe and identifying the avifauna using standard field guide and field equipments. A total of 57 species of bird recorded during the whole survey period and their feeding and threatened status was also analyzed. A good number of birds recorded in Lakhara wetland in spite of the small area. Most of the recorded birds of this wetland were belong to the Least Concern category of IUCN red list, 2010 and Schedule IV of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Lakhara wetland is also proved to be an important bird area of Kachchh for conservation aspects

A prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study of analgesia and outcome after pneumonectomy

Background Meta-analysis and systematic reviews of epidural compared with paravertebral blockade analgesia techniques for thoracotomy conclude that although the analgesia is comparable, paravertebral blockade has a better short-term side-effect profile. However, reduction in major complications including mortality has not been proven. Methods The UK pneumonectomy study was a prospective observational cohort study in which all UK thoracic surgical centres were invited to participate. Data presented here relate to the mode of analgesia and outcome. Data were analysed for 312 patients having pneumonectomy at 24 UK thoracic surgical centres in 2005. The primary endpoint was a major complication. Results The most common type of analgesia used was epidural (61.1%) followed by paravertebral infusion (31%). Epidural catheter use was associated with major complications (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–3.8; P=0.02) by stepwise logistic regression analysis. Conclusions An increased incidence of clinically important major post-pneumonectomy complications was associated with thoracic epidural compared with paravertebral blockade analgesia. However, this study is unable to provide robust evidence to change clinical practice for a better clinical outcome. A large multicentre randomized controlled trial is now needed to compare the efficacy, complications, and cost-effectiveness of epidural and paravertebral blockade analgesia after major lung resection with the primary outcome of clinically important major morbidity

The timing of death in patients with tuberculosis who die during anti-tuberculosis treatment in Andhra Pradesh, South India

Background: India has 2.0 million estimated tuberculosis (TB) cases per annum with an estimated 280,000 TBrelated deaths per year. Understanding when in the course of TB treatment patients die is important for determining the type of intervention to be offered and crucially when this intervention should be given. The objectives of the current study were to determine in a large cohort of TB patients in India:- i) treatment outcomes including the number who died while on treatment, ii) the month of death and iii) characteristics associated with “early” death, occurring in the initial 8 weeks of treatment. Methods: This was a retrospective study in 16 selected Designated Microscopy Centres (DMCs) in Hyderabad, Krishna and Adilabad districts of Andhra Pradesh, South India. A review was performed of treatment cards and medical records of all TB patients (adults and children) registered and placed on standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment from January 2005 to September 2009. Results: There were 8,240 TB patients (5183 males) of whom 492 (6%) were known to have died during treatment. Case-fatality was higher in those previously treated (12%) and lower in those with extra-pulmonary TB (2%). There was an even distribution of deaths during anti-tuberculosis treatment, with 28% of all patients dying in the first 8 weeks of treatment. Increasing age and new as compared to recurrent TB disease were significantly associated with “early death”. Conclusion: In this large cohort of TB patients, deaths occurred with an even frequency throughout anti-TB treatment. Reasons may relate to i) the treatment of the disease itself, raising concerns about drug adherence, quality of anti-tuberculosis drugs or the presence of undetected drug resistance and ii) co-morbidities, such as HIV/ AIDS and diabetes mellitus, which are known to influence mortality. More research in this area from prospective and retrospective studies is needed